Evaluation of apoptosis/necrosis and cytokine release provoked by three root canal sealers in human polymorphonuclears and monocytes

Abstract

Aim To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and cytokine release of three fresh root canal sealers and to determine the type of cell death they induce. Methodology The sealers tested were Sealer 26 (S26), AH Plus (AHP), and Endosequence BC Sealer (END). Fresh sealers were cultivated in contact with monocytes and polymorphonuclears (PMNs) obtained from the peripheral blood of humans. Cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis were analysed at 4 h (PMNs) or 24 h (monocytes) using Annexin‐V and propidium iodide in a cytometer. The supernatants were used to quantify Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12 and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in monocytes and IL‐8 in PMNs by ELISA. One‐way ANOVA and the Tukey post‐test were used to compare data for cytotoxicity, and the multiple T‐test was used to determine the differences between sealers in the release of cytokines that were statistically significant. Results After 4 h of treatment, S26 was associated with greater cell viability than the other sealers (P < 0.05) in the PMN culture and had similar values of necrosis as END (P > 0.05). After 24 h of treatment, AHP and END had greater monocyte cell viability than S26 (P < 0.05), which had more necrosis (P < 0.05). END had the lowest levels of IL‐12 compared to the other sealers (P < 0.05) and higher levels of IL‐6 compared to S26 (P < 0.05). The tested sealers did not differ in the release of IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α and IL‐4 (P > 0.05). Conclusions The effect of toxic agents released varied depending on the cell type studied. The composition of the sealers appeared to alter the form of self‐regulation in the production of these cytokines by cells.

Biocompatibility and Mineralization Activity of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…In the present study, EndoSequence BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA showed superior cell viability and migration ability compared to AH Plus. EndoSequence BC Sealer is a novel bioceramic tricalcium silicate-based sealer that has shown nontoxic and biocompatible results in previous studies [10,13,17,25,26]. It is a premixed sealer that will not change in terms of its properties during the mixing procedure [17].…”

Comparative Cytocompatibility and Mineralization Potential of Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer

“…Exposure of cultures to AH Plus extracts reduced cell migration even at low concentrations. In epoxy resin sealers, the presence of cytotoxic by-products from polymerization reactions of the epoxy resin may have adversely affected cell migration [31].…”

Evaluation of the biological and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate‐based and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers

“…Sufficient radiopacity enables clinicians to distinguish between adjacent anatomical structures and sealers and evaluate the quality of the root canal fillings 31 . All sealers tested presented radiographic densities higher than recommended value, with AHP being the highest one, also observed in other studies 26,32 . Nevertheless, excessive radiopacity of a sealer could hide obturation failures.…”

“…31 All sealers tested presented radiographic densities higher than recommended value, with AHP being the highest one, also observed in other studies. 26,32 Nevertheless, excessive radiopacity of a sealer could hide obturation failures. BC and MF present, respectively, zirconium oxide and calcium tungstate radiopacifiers, while AHP and SP exhibit both of them.…”