Biocompatibility and Mineralization Activity of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects and mineralization activity of three calcium silicate-based root canal sealers to those of a conventional resin-based sealer. Experiments were performed using human dental pulp stem cells grown in a monolayer culture. The root canal sealers tested in this study were EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler), BioRoot RCS (Septodont), Endoseal MTA (Maruchi), and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey). Experimental disks 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height were made and stored in a 100% humidity chamber at 37 °C for 72 h to achieve setting. The cytotoxicity of various root canal sealers was evaluated using a methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. To evaluate cell migration ability, a scratch wound healing method was used, and images of the scratch area were taken using a phase-contrast microscope. Cell morphology was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope after direct exposure for 72 h to each sealer disk. In the cell viability assay, there were no significant differences between the EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, Endoseal MTA, and control groups in any experimental period (p > 0.05). In the cell migration assay, there were no significant differences between the EndoSequence BC, Endoseal MTA, and control groups in any experimental period (p > 0.05). BioRoot RCS exhibited slower cell migration relative to EndoSequence BC and Endoseal MTA for up to 72 h (p < 0.05). Conversely, it showed a similar wound healing percentage at 96 h (p > 0.05). In an evaluation of cell morphology, cells in direct contact with EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA disks showed superior spreading compared to those in contact with the AH Plus disk. In an Alizarin red staining assay, EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA showed a significant increase in mineralized nodule formation compared to the AH Plus group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all calcium silicate-based root canal sealers tested in this study showed good biological properties and mineralization activity compared to conventional resin-based sealer.

Biocompatibility and Bioactivity of Set Direct Pulp Capping Materials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…The material disks were placed into inserts with a 0.4 μm pore size (SPLInsert; SPL Life Sciences), and these inserts were maintained over the attached hDPSCs for 5 days. Then, the hDPSCs were treated with MTT solution according to a previously reported method at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 days [ 19 ]. We measured the absorbance at 570 nm.…”

“…The hDPSC lines were obtained and grown by a previously reported method [19]. The cells were placed at 37 • C in a 100% humidity chamber with 5% CO 2 .…”

“…Cell viability was assessed by a methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay (MTT Cell Growth Assay Kit, Chemicon, Rosemont, IL, USA) [19,21,22]. We seeded hDPSCs at a density of 1.0 × 10 4 cells/well on 24-well cell culture plates (SPL Life Sciences, Pocheon, Korea).…”

Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: recent findings and current research

“…However, their therapeutic effect is largely depending on the concentration of angiogenic factors and their association with neurogenic factors [42]. As a consequence of increasing avail-ability of disease models in association with novel biomolecules and biostimulators, DPSCs aids successful treatment of diseases of degenerative nature that are usually devastating to the patient and impossible to cure by current healthcare interventions [43]. Animal studies on rat facial nerve regeneration prove therapeutic effect of human immature dental pulp stem cells secreting neurotrophic factors that promote functional recovery of the facial nerve and to trigger mobilization of neuronal survival [44].…”

“…Therefore, mainly STRO-1+ DPSCs show generally firmer tendency for neurogenic commitment rather than other pulp cells expressing common mesenchymal markers [49,50]. Efficiency of novel DPSC derived treatments is strongly dependent on other cofactors, with root canal treatment recently improved through establishment of silicate -based root canal sealers that exhibited better mineralization activity compared with conventional resin -based sealers [43]. Taiwanese Department of Dentistry, in association with National Taiwan University, demonstrated the importance of accurately established gap width between struts (GWbS) of 3D scaffolds on induced cellular orientation in the process of neural differentiation of DPSCs [51].…”