“…Wasmer and Zenou (2002) provide a model of urban equilibrium unemployment where access to employment is negatively linked to distance between residential location and jobs due to information loss, employer's discrimination or connectivity of public transportation networks. Gobillon, Rupert and Wasmer (2014) point out the important role played by commuter distances and housing frictions in the employment pathways of minority workers, relative to the majority, in France. Statistical studies have also documented a significant effect of residential location on job-finding (Duguet, L'Horty and Sari, 2009;Gobillon, Magnac and Selod, 2011), and have related these findings to the spatial mismatch literature.…”