Estudo comparativo da composição química das espécies vegetais Mikania glomerata Sprengel e Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. ex Baker

Abstract

RESUMO:Adulterações da matéria-prima vegetal ocorrem comumente no mercado de fitoterápicos, sob a forma de substituições e/ou falsificações. Muitas vezes, espécies distintas são comercializadas em substituição à farmacopéica devido à dificuldade de obtenção desta, ou mesmo pelo emprego intencional de espécies de menor valor econômico que apresentem características morfológicas semelhantes. Portanto, faz-se necessária a realização de estudos que busquem identificar a constituição química das espécies de amplo uso medicinal, que são alvos de adulterações. Mikania glomerata e Mikania laevigata, conhecidas popularmente como "guaco", são comercializadas indistintamente. Buscando-se avaliar a composição química das duas espécies, realizou-se uma prospecção fitoquímica por CCD e foram obtidos os perfis cromatográficos por CLAE-FR. Fez-se a quantificação da cumarina empregando-se o mesmo método. Na prospecção fitoquímica por CCD, foi detectada, nas duas espécies, a presença de cumarina, triterpenos/ esteróides e heterosídeos flavônicos. Os perfis cromatográficos, obtidos por CLAE-FR, mostraramse semelhantes, observando-se a predominância de compostos polares. Na quantificação da cumarina, obtêve-se um teor de 0,30% para M. glomerata e 0,43% para M. laevigata, teores de acordo com o preconizado na monografia do guaco-cheiroso (mín. 0,1%). M glomerata e M. laevigata apresentaram composição química semelhante e teores de cumarina próximos, sugerindo que estas podem ser utilizadas de forma indistinta.Unitermos: Mikania glomerata, Mikania laevigata, Asteraceae, guaco, cumarina.ABSTRACT: "Comparative study of the chemical composition of the species Mikania glomerata Sprengel and Mikania laevigata Schultz Bip. ex Baker". Adulterations of plant raw materials often occur in the marketing of herbal medicine, usually in the form of substitutions and/ or fakes. Many times, different plant species are commercialized in the place of the one recognized by the pharmacopoeia. This may occur due to the difficulties of obtaining the authentic plant material, or by an intentional use of a plant species that has less economic value but shows similar morphologic features. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies that can identify the chemical composition of those species of wide medicinal use, which are the targets of adulterations. Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata, popularly known as "guaco", are indistinctly commercialized in Brazil. A phytochemical screening by TLC was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition of both species. The RP-HPLC profiles were obtained and the quantification of coumarin was determined by the same method. A phytochemical screening has shown that coumarin, triterpenes/ steroids and flavonic heterosides are the constituents detected in both species. The RP-HPLC profiles were similar between the two species and revealed the predominance of polar compounds. In the quantification of coumarin, a content of 0.30% (w/w) was obtained for M. glomerata and 0.43% (w/w) for M. laevigata. These values are i...

Genus Mikania: chemical composition and phytotherapeutical activity

“…In M. laevigata the main representatives are cinnamoylgrandifloric acid (45), isopropiloxigrandifloric acid, isobutiloxi-grandifloric acid and kaurenol (Oliveira et al, 1984;Bighetti et al, 2005;Yatsuda et al, 2005;Santos et al, 2006;Bolina et al, 2009). Furthermore, from M. oblongifolia aerial parts were obtained cinnamoylgrandifloric and others terpenes (Vichnewski et al, 1977).…”

“…For example, M. glomerata, one of the most important and commonly used species Mikania genus, has been popularly used in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and coughing (Teske & Trentini, 1997;Silva et al, 2006;Agra et al, 2008). Other species, known as "guaco" are also used to treat respiratory problems as M. cordifolia , Caribe & Campos, 1991, M. laevigata (Bolina et al, 2009) and M. cordata (Ali et al, 2011) Other studies have shown the use of M. glomerata and M. laevigata as expectorant, in the treatment of influenza and respiratory diseases (Lorenzi & Matos, 2002;Gasparetto et al, 2010). The coumarin seemed to be partially responsible for the bronchodilator activity of the plant through the relaxation of smooth muscle.…”

“…Approximately 12% of Mikania species and their chemical composition have been studied. The most commonly used are Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata, generally employed in respiratory disorders treatments (Gasparetto et al, 2010), and because their morphological and anatomic similarities are sold indiscriminately and used without distinction (Ritter & Miotto, 2005;Bolina et al, 2009). However, other species are described in the literature, and are characterized for their chemical components activities.…”

Efficacy of guaco mouthwashes (Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata) on the disinfection of toothbrushes

“…The analysis was performed at room temperature with detection at 274 nm. Isocratic elution was used (MeOH: water, 47:53) (Bolina et al, 2009). The solvent used was HPLC grade (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), ultrapure water (ELGA, 18.2 Ω) and it was degassed by ultrasonic bath before use.…”

Mikania glomerata and M. laevigata: Clinical and Toxicological Advances

“…Hydroalcoholic extracts are the most common preparations that have been commercialized for therapeutic purposes, and the majority of phytochemical assays that have been conducted have been to evaluate their chemical compositions. Thus, using different analytical procedures, the presence of a large number of compounds has been described, including stigmasterol, phytol, 1-ethoxy-1-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, hexanoic acid, ethyl hexadecanoate, ethyl linoleoate, kaurenol, an isomer of kaurenoic acid, spathulenol, hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, cupressenic acid, isopropiloxigrandifloric acid, 2-5-ciclohexadiene-1,4-dione,2,6-bis, 1-octadecene, octadecanoic acid, ester diterpenic, caryophyllene oxide, 10, 13-octadecadienoic acid, isobutiloxigrandifloric acid, trans-cariofileno, 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, lupeol, lupeol www.intechopen.com Toxicity and Drug Testing 300 acetate, benzoylgrandifloric and cinnamoylgrandifloric acids (Oliveira et al, 1993;Moura et al, 2002;Biavatti et al, 2004;Santos, 2005;Yatsuda et al, 2005;Bertolucci et al, 2008;Alves et al, 2009;Bolina et al, 2009;Muceneeki et al, 2009). In quantitative terms, the most prevalent metabolites of hydroalcoholic extracts are coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) (Biavatti et al, 2004;Bueno & Bastos, 2009), o-coumaric acid (Santos, 2005), dihydrocoumarin (Alves et al, 2009), syringaldehyde (Muceneeki et al, 2009) and kaurenoic acid (Vilegas et al, 1997a;Vilegas et al, 1997b;Yatsuda et al, 2005;Bertolucci et al, 2008).…”