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After three consecutive applications of a 35% H(2)O(2) bleaching agent, the diffusion of the gel components through enamel and dentine caused severe toxic effects to cultured pulp cells.

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Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is recommended for a number of clinical procedures and it has been pointed out as a potential cavity cleanser to be applied before adhesive restoration of dental cavities. Objective: As CHX may diffuse through the dentinal tubules to reach a monolayer of odontoblasts that underlies the dentin substrate, this study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of CHX on cultured odontoblast-like cells (MDPC23). Material and Methods: Cells were cultured and exposed to CHX solutions at concentrations of 0.06%, 0.12%, 0.2%, 1% and 2%. Pure culture medium (α-MEM) and 3% hydrogen peroxide were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After exposing the cultured cells to the controls and CHX solutions for 60 s, 2 h or 60 s with a 24h recovery period, cell metabolism (MTT assay) and total protein concentration were evaluated. Cell morphology was assessed under scanning electron microscopy. CHX had a dose-dependent toxic effect on the MDPC-23 cells. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed when the cells were exposed to CHX in all periods (p<0.05). Significant difference was also determined for all CHX concentrations (p<0.05). The 60-s exposure time was the least cytotoxic (p<0.05), while exposure to CHX for 60 s with a 24-h recovery period was the most toxic to the cells (p<0.05). Conclusion: Regardless of the exposure time, all CHX concentrations had a high direct cytotoxic effect to cultured MDPC-23 cells.

OBJETIVO: este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar por meio de análise cefalométrica as diferenças nas proporções faciais de crianças respiradoras bucais e nasais. FORMA DE ESTUDO: coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas 60 crianças entre 6 e 10 anos que, após avaliação otorrinolaringológica para o diagnóstico do tipo de respiração, foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo I, constituído de crianças respiradoras bucais, com elevado grau de obstrução das vias aéreas e grupo II, composto de crianças respiradoras nasais. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação ortodôntica por meio de radiografias cefalométricas em norma lateral, a fim de avaliar as proporções faciais, através das seguintes medidas cefalométricas: SN.GoGn, ArGo.GoMe, N-Me, N-ENA, ENA-Me, S-Go, S-Ar, Ar-Go; e os seguintes índices: iAF=S-Go / N-Me, iAFA=ENA-Me / N-Me e iPFA=N-ENA / ENA-Me. RESULTADO: Foi constatada que a inclinação do plano mandibular (SN.GoGn) nos pacientes respiradores bucais foi estatisticamente maior que nos respiradores nasais, enquanto que a proporção da altura facial posterior e anterior (iAF), e da altura facial anterior superior e inferior (iPFA) foram estatisticamente menores nos pacientes bucais, indicando altura facial posterior menor que a anterior e altura facial anterior inferior aumentada nesses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir, então, que os respiradores bucais tendem a apresentar maior inclinação mandibular e padrão de crescimento vertical, evidenciando a influência da função respiratória no desenvolvimento craniofacial.

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We concluded that mouth breathing children tend to have higher mandibular inclination and more vertical growth. These findings support the influence of the breathing mode in craniofacial development.

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