Estratégias De Mães Com Filhos Portadores De Hiv Para Conviverem Com a Doença

Abstract

Objetivou-se identificar estratégias de mães com filhos portadores de HIV para conviverem com a doença. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo desenvolvido entre fevereiro e março de 2011 num hospital público de referência no atendimento a indivíduos com HIV e aids em Fortaleza-Ceará. Dez mães portadoras de HIV, com pelo menos um filho com sorologia anti-HIV positiva, participaram de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo, produzindo-se cinco categorias: Adoção da religiosidade como fonte de esperança; Avigoramento dos cuidados com a criança e superproteção; Busca do apoio familiar e social; Desenvolvimento da autoculpa; Negação da doença e ocultação do diagnóstico. Os resultados mostram que as mães encontram estratégias positivas e negativas para enfrentarem a doença. A enfermagem pode contribuir na integração dos familiares de portadores de HIV e proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida de acordo com os recursos que estes dispõem para viver.

Experience of family members providing care for HIV-exposed children: beginning of the trajectory

“…The mother felt responsible for transmitting the virus to the child and blamed herself for getting pregnant again or for not having completed prophylactic treatment of the previous child. When this occurs, blame of other people and shame, pain and anguish are also present (5) . The belief that HIV is a punishment from God and related to bad actions from the past were also mentioned in another study (19) , which stated that this may appear with feelings of rage, guilt and the desire to take one's own life.…”

“…Self-guilt is a way of confronting the situation (5) . According to Symbolic Interactionism, reality is imposed on us from the moment in which we interpret it.…”

“…There are recommendations of extending scientifi c explorations on the subjectivity of the experience of living with HIV (11) . Most studies have investigated the perception of mothers (3)(4)(5)(7)(8)(12)(13) on subjects related to pregnancy, being a mother with HIV and breastfeeding, although it should also be considered that the experience of HIV/AIDS is not limited to those who are infected with the virus, but also to those who live with and assume the role of carers of children.…”

“…Pregnancy with HIV sero-positivity is characterized as a moment of apprehension in relation to contaminating the child (3)(4) . This apprehension lasts until the child's diagnosis results and the mother must also deal with the uncertainty, guilt and demands during care to prevent VT (5)(6).…”

“…Social support and family relationships are important resources in the experience of living with HIV and have proved powerful in improving the quality of life of people who live with the virus (5,8) . HIV directly aff ects the lives of infected individuals and their families and the process of interacting and caring for the child, especially the parents, but it also involves other individuals (9) .…”