Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated carbon-based catalyst derived from palm kernel shell and bamboo

Farabi, M.S. Ahmad; Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman; Rashid, Umer; Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.033

Cited by 123 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…S5) desorption peaks at 700 °C for ACB2 and at 750 °C for ACL and ACL2 were detected. These high-temperature peaks can be attributed to the desorption of NH3 from strong Brønsted acid sites with strong and broad desorption peak between 500 and 700 °C [54] and from more thermally stable strong Lewis acid sites at higher temperature, respectively [50,55]. According to NH3-TPD-performed analysis, ACW might contain some amount of acidic surface groups, up to a total of 0.45 mmol/g, which could originate from oxygen-bearing functionalities, e.g.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over biomass-based activated carbon catalyst

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights  Biomass-based activated carbon catalysts modified with Lewis or Brønsted acid sites were prepared  Catalysts were used to convert glucose to HMF in biphasic water:THF system  51% HMF yield was obtained with catalytic mixture containing both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites  The water phase containing the catalyst was recycled successfully Abstract Selective and efficient dehydration of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been widely explored research problem recently, especially from the perspective of more sustainable heterogeneous catalysts. In this study, activated carbon was first produced from a lignocellulosic waste material, birch sawdust. Novel heterogeneous catalysts were then prepared from activated carbon by adding Lewis or Brønsted acid sites on the carbon surface. Prepared catalysts were used to convert glucose to HMF in biphasic water:THF system at 160 °C. The highest HMF yield and selectivity, 51% and 78%, respectively, were obtained in 8 hours with a catalytic mixture containing both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. Also, preliminary recycling experiments were performed. Based on this study, biomass-based activated carbon catalysts show promise for the conversion of glucose to HMF.

show abstract

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over biomass-based activated carbon catalyst

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As being related to surface area analysis, though the pore size of both Ag and Ni/ZnO (see electronic supplementary material, table S1) having a slight resemblance, the sites in Ni are believed to be less active. Therefore, the coverage of reactive adsorbed species on photocatalyst surfaces will be less, thus leading to inefficient photocatalytic performance [45][46][47]. Photocatalytic activity for Ni/ZnO displayed that 1% of Ni content gave the highest photocatalytic performance, when compared with other stoichiometry in Ni classes.…”

Section: Active Sites Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on photocatalytic activity of transition metals (Ag and Ni)-doped ZnO nanomaterials synthesized via sol–gel method

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ag and Ni/ZnO photocatalyst nanostructures were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel method. In this work, the photocatalyst sample was systematically studied based on several factors affecting the performance of photocatalyst, which are size, morphology, band gap, textural properties and the number of active sites presence on the surface of the nanocatalyst. X-ray diffraction revealed that Ag/ZnO nanomaterials experienced multiple phases, meanwhile for Ni/ZnO the phase of nanomaterials were pure and single phase for stoichiometry less than 5%. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed almost all of the synthesized nanomaterials possessed a mixture of nanorods and spherical-like shape morphology. The Ag/ZnO showed high photocatalytic activity, producing at least 14th trials of nanocatalyst reusability on degradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. Interestingly, this phenomenon was not observed in larger surface area of Ni/ZnO nanomaterials which supposedly favour photocatalytic activity, but instead producing poor photocatalytic performance. The main reasons were studied and exposed by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (TPD–CO 2 ) which showed that incorporation of Ag into ZnO lattice has enhanced the number of active sites on the surface of the nanocatalyst. Whereas incorporation of Ni in ZnO has lowered the number of active sites with respect to undoped ZnO. Active sites measurement is effective and significant, providing opportunities in developing an intensive study as an additional factor.

show abstract

“…Activated carbon from waste palm oil, especially the palm kernel shell (PKS) was widely studied by researchers as catalyst support as it has high caloric value, low sulfur content, low ash content, no species variation, improved shelf-life and excellent year-round availability. [11][12][13] The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) reported that each ton of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) in palm oil milling will generate about 5-7% PKS, 21-22% empty fruit bunch (EFB) and 12-16% mesocarp ber (MF). In 2015, estimated 4.56 million tons of PKS, 21.63 million tons of EFB and 15.73 million tons of MF were generated as by-products as Malaysian palm oil mills processed about 98.34 million tons of FFB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of bifunctional nanocatalyst from waste palm kernel shell and its application for biodiesel production

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated carbon-based catalyst derived from palm kernel shell and bamboo

Cited by 123 publications

References 44 publications

Catalytic conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over biomass-based activated carbon catalyst

Catalytic conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over biomass-based activated carbon catalyst

Comparative study on photocatalytic activity of transition metals (Ag and Ni)-doped ZnO nanomaterials synthesized via sol–gel method

Synthesis of bifunctional nanocatalyst from waste palm kernel shell and its application for biodiesel production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About