Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective. A review.

Franz, Chlodwig; Başer, K. H. C.; Windisch, W.

doi:10.1002/ffj.1967

Cited by 298 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The present results differ from those of Arafa et al (2010) who found, in a similar study using EPUR at 130 mg/kg BW, a significant decrease in the mortality rate and an increase in the live weight in 6-week-old growing rabbits fed E diets (P < 0.05). Dietary herb supplementation usually leads to an improvement in the flavour, which in turn accounts leads to an increase in feed ingestion and better performance (Franz et al, 2010;Christaki et al, 2012). Ahmed et al (2008) highlighted a significant improvement in the final BW, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio in growing rabbits, which had orally been given 7.5 mg of EPUR extracts/kg BW/day in liquid form.…”

Section: Growth Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabbit dietary supplementation with pale purple coneflower. 2. Effects on the performances, bacterial community, blood parameters and immunity of growing rabbits

Kovitvadhi

Gai

Dabbou

et al. 2016

Animal

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Echinacea pallida (EPAL), a herbaceous flowering plant with immunomodulatory properties, has been chosen to determine the pre-and post-supplementary effects on the growth performances, bacterial community, blood parameters and immunity of growing rabbits. The same Grimaud does (14-week-old) from the studied in the first part of this study were randomly divided into two groups (n = 50/group). The first group was fed a basal diet without supplementation (Control group, C) while the another group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g EPAL/kg diet (Echinacea group, E). From the second parturition, 80 weaned kits (40 from the C does and 40 from the E does) were randomly assigned to four groups of 20 animals each and were fed a growing commercial diet supplemented with or without a 3 g EPAL/kg diet: the CC group (rabbits from the C does fed the control diet), CE group (rabbits from the C does fed the supplemented diet), EC (rabbits from the E does fed the control diet) and EE group (rabbits from the E does fed the supplemented diet). The dietary EPAL treatment did not affect the growth performance. Ten fattening rabbits from each group were selected to evaluate the bacterial community and blood parameters, while the remaining rabbits (n = 10/group) were used to study phagocytosis and the humoral immune response. The variability was evaluated from hard faeces at 35, 49 and 89 days, and the caecal content at 89 days. The variability of the bacterial community of the EE group was higher than that of the other groups. The phagocytic activity was higher in the CE and EE groups than in the CC and EC ones (30.9 and 29.7 v. 21.2 and 21.8%; P < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed for the blood parameters or humoral immune response against vaccination (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus) at 95 days old which the serum was collected at 88, 102, 109, 116 and 123 days old. In conclusion, no impact of EPAL dietary supplementation has been observed on the growth performances, bacterial community, blood parameters or humoral immune responses in growing rabbits, except for an increase in phagocytic activities.

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Section: Growth Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabbit dietary supplementation with pale purple coneflower. 2. Effects on the performances, bacterial community, blood parameters and immunity of growing rabbits

Kovitvadhi

Gai

Dabbou

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…Throughout history, herbs and spices and their constituent EO have been used as antiseptics, to preserve food and to enhance flavour (Shelef, 1984). More recently, EO have been used in animal feeds to combat infection and improve productivity (Wallace et al, 2002Newbold et al, 2004;Wallace, 2004;Franz et al, 2010). For example, EO and EO compounds, including thymol, carvacrol and eugenol, reduced the bacterial load in different parts of the gut and lowered the shedding of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens (Mitsch et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the human colon to essential oils

Thapa

Losa²,

Zweifel³

et al. 2012

Microbiology

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The microbiota of the intestinal tract plays an important role in colonic health, mediating many effects of dietary components on colonic health and during enteric infections. In the context of the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria, complementary therapies are required for the prevention and treatment of enteric infections. Here we report the potential application of essential oils (EO) and pure EO compounds to improve human gut health. Nerolidol, thymol, eugenol and geraniol inhibited growth of the pathogens Escherichia coli O157 : H7(VT " ), Clostridium difficile DSM1296, Clostridium perfringens DSM11780, Salmonella typhimurium 3530 and Salmonella enteritidis S1400 at a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) varying from 50 to 500 p.p.m. Most EO showed greater toxicity to pathogens than to commensals. However, the beneficial commensal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was sensitive to EO at similar or even lower concentrations than the pathogens. The EO showed dose-dependent effects on cell integrity, as measured using propidium iodide, of Gram-positive bacteria. These effects were not strongly correlated with growth inhibition, however, suggesting that cell membrane damage occurred but was not the primary cause of growth inhibition. Growth inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast, occurred mostly without cell integrity loss. Principal component analysis showed clustering of responses according to bacterial species rather than to the identity of the EO, with the exception that responses to thymol and nerolidol clustered away from the other EO. In conclusion, the selective effects of some EO might have beneficial effects on gut health if chosen carefully for effectiveness against different species.

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“…Among the major components in the oil are camphor, 1,8-cineole and artemisa ketone (Tzenkova et al, 2010). Essential oils often show strong antimicrobial properties in vitro, which is the reason why these compounds have gained much attention regarding their potential as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (Botsoglou et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2004;Brenes & Roura, 2010;Franz et al, 2010). Essential oil blends have shown promising results with respect to reduction of C. perfringens colonization and proliferation (Mitsch et al, 2004;Ivarsen et al, 2010;Timbermont et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect ofArtemisia annuaon broiler performance, on intestinal microbiota and on the course of aClostridium perfringensinfection applying a necrotic enteritis disease model

et al. 2012

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The aerial parts of the plant Artemisia annua contain essential oils having antimicrobial properties against Clostridium perfringens Type A, the causal agent for necrotic enteritis in broilers. In two experiments, the influence of increasing dietary concentrations of dried A. annua leaves (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) and n-hexane extract from fresh A. annua leaves (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) on broiler performance was investigated. Dried plant material decreased feed intake and body weight in a dose-dependent manner, and 10 and 20 g/kg diet tended to improve the feed conversion ratio. The n-hexane extract also reduced feed intake, but broiler weight tended to decrease only at the highest dietary concentration. The feed conversion ratio tended to improve when birds received 250 and 500 mg/kg n-hexane extract. In a third experiment, a necrotic enteritis disease model was applied to investigate the effect of the dietary addition of dried A. annua leaves (10 g/kg on top) or n-hexane extract of A. annua (250 mg/kg) on the severity of the disease in broilers. The addition of n-hexane extract reduced the intestinal C. perfringens numbers and the severity of the disease-related small intestinal lesions. Over the infection period from day 17 to day 27, birds supplemented with the n-hexane extract gained more weight than both the challenged control birds and birds receiving dried plant material. The results indicate that n-hexane extracts derived from A. annua can modulate the course of necrotic enteritis and compensate to a certain extent for the disease-associated weight losses.

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Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective. A review.

Cited by 298 publications

References 53 publications

Rabbit dietary supplementation with pale purple coneflower. 2. Effects on the performances, bacterial community, blood parameters and immunity of growing rabbits

Rabbit dietary supplementation with pale purple coneflower. 2. Effects on the performances, bacterial community, blood parameters and immunity of growing rabbits

Sensitivity of pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the human colon to essential oils

The effect ofArtemisia annuaon broiler performance, on intestinal microbiota and on the course of aClostridium perfringensinfection applying a necrotic enteritis disease model

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