Erosion Control Reclamation in the Republic of Tatarstan

Abstract

One of the most acute problems of agriculture in the Republic of Tatarstan in modern conditions is the progressive degradation of soil cover. Every year the scale of water erosion increases, causing huge damage not only to agriculture, but also to large and small rivers of the region. The territory of the republic is characterized by a large dissection, which serves as the basis of soil erosion. The research was carried out to analyze the impact of soil erosion on the efficiency of agricultural production and the development of science-based measures to combat soil erosion in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan. In general, in the subject of the Federation it is necessary to carry out erosion control works on the area of more than 2 million hectares of agricultural land. Every year spring melt water and storm water runoff on average washes away up to 22 tons of fertile soil from one hectare of arable land, which leads to an annual loss of up to 700 thousand tons of humus in the scale of the Republic of Tatarstan. This is comparable to the introduction of 10 million tons of organic fertilizers. Complex of anti-erosion measures depending on the relief and objective conditions of terrain includes organizational-economic, agromeliorative, forest-meliorative and hydromeliorative works, which ensure effective regulation of storm and melt water runoff, increase moisture reserve in soil cover and reduce washout of fertile soil layer, prevent new and expansion and spread of existing erosion centers and thereby contribute to improvement of fertility of agricultural lands. Thus, in the course of scientific research it is established that on average in the Republic of Tatarstan one set of anti-erosion measures protects up to 120 hectares of land from further development of erosion processes. The cost of the complex of anti-erosion measures, including anti-erosion pond - 2.5 million rubles, the payback period is 2 years.

Study on the effect of grain moisture on grinding efficiency

“…The results of other researchers [13,14,15] confirm when excess moisture in the crushed grain material negatively affects the milling process. The increased moisture content increases the plasticity of the particles and the energy intensity of the process.…”

“…The internal friction between particles is closely related to the fact that the coarser particles are generally less spherical. of particular, the irregular forms of coarse particles have a substantial impact on the powder flow properties [10][11][12][13][14][15]. In feed mills and livestock farms, hammer mills are mainly used to crush concentrates.…”

Technique and Technology of Surface Improvement of Floodplain Meadows of the Republic of Tatarstan

“…Введение. В развиты х странах мира с высокой продуктивностью скота, где продукты животноводства конкурентоспособны, более половины кормов заготавливают на улучшенных пойменных лугах, которые отличаются высоким плодородием почвенного покрова и близким залеганием грунтовых вод [1]. С другой стороны, в травянистых кормах содержится более 20-ти витаминов (А, В, С, D, Е, Р), 20...22 мг% каротина, 14...16 % переваримого протеина и такие незаменимые аминокислоты как лизин, метионин, триптофан, валин и др.…”