Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men, Cancers other than Cervical and Benign Conditions

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is commonly found in the genital tract of men and women with or without any clinical lesion. The association of HPV DNA with several different ano-genital cancers other than cervical has been reported for the vulva, vagina, anus and penis. HPV DNA has also been identified in head and neck cancers in the oral cavity, the oropharynx and the larynx in both sexes. In men, 80–85% of anal cancers and close to 50% of penile cancers are associated with HPV infection. In women, HPV DNA is prevalent in 36–40 % vulvar cancer cases and close to 90 % of vaginal cancers. There is limited data available on the natural history and HPV-related diseases in the genital tract in men, although studies are ongoing. Efficacy of HPV vaccines in the prevention of HPV infection and disease among men also remains unknown. Among HPV DNA positive ano-genital cancer cases, HPV-16 is the most frequently found followed distantly by HPV-18. In benign HPV-related diseases such as genital warts or recurrent respiratory papillomatosis HPV-6 and 11, the two most frequent non-oncogenic types, are the predominant types detected. Oncogenic types are rarely detected. In this article we summarize and review studies describing the natural history of HPV infections among men and its impact on HPV related disease in women. We summarize the evidence linking HPV in the epidemiology and etiology of cancers of the vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx and present recent estimates of the burden of and HPV type distribution in genital warts and in cases of HPV infection of the airways.

Trends in incidence of anal cancer and high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, 1978–2008

“…It is estimated that more than 90% of anal cancers and AIN are associated with HPV, predominantly HPV16 and HPV18, 32,33 which are included in the 2 currently available vaccines. Consequently, a substantial proportion of these cancers and their precursor lesions are in theory preventable by HPV vaccination.…”

Utilidade da citologia anal no rastreamento dos homens heterossexuais portadores do HPV genital

“…Entre os anos de 1973 a 2000, sua incidência teve aumento duas vezes maior em homens (160%) do que em mulheres (78%), segundo estatísticas americanas (2) . A incidência é ainda mais elevada nos grupos considerados de risco, particularmente, entre homens e mulheres HIV-positivo e homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH).…”

“…Esses vírus podem ser isolados em aproximadamente 99% dos carcinomas de colo uterino, além de 36 -40% dos carcinomas de vulva, 64 -90% dos carcinomas de vagina, 50% dos carcinomas de pênis e 80 a 93% dos carcinomas anais. O HPV-16 é tipo mais freqüente, estando presente em até 87% dos casos de carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) do canal anal HPV positivo (1,2,3) .Apesar de ser relativamente raro, o núme-ro de doentes de CEC do canal anal vem aumentando nas últimas décadas. Entre os anos de 1973 a 2000, sua incidência teve aumento duas vezes maior em homens (160%) do que em mulheres (78%), segundo estatísticas americanas (2) .…”

“…O HPV-16 é tipo mais freqüente, estando presente em até 87% dos casos de carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) do canal anal HPV positivo (1,2,3) .…”

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: a Mozambique overview

“…Moreover, oncogenic HPV type infection represents a wellknown cause of invasive cervical cancer, which is the third most common cancer among women worldwide [25]. Only recently HPV has been partially taken into account for men's health and it has been well documented not only in the anal region, perineal area, scrotum, glans, penile shaft, and urethra, but also in the reproductive system (testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens) [38,59,76,53,31]. Moreover, several reports documented the presence of HPV in the semen and its association with an impairment of sperm motility and presence of anti-sperm antibodies [68,37,35].…”