Epidemiologic typing of Enterobacter sakazakii in two neonatal nosocomial outbreaks

Clark, Nancye C.; Hill, Bertha C.; O'Hara, C M; Steingrı́msson, Ólafur; Cooksey, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/0732-8893(90)90078-a

Cited by 137 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Contaminated PIF is one of the sources of neonatal infection that subsequently leads to high morbidity and occasional mortality in the infants 4,8,31,36,61 . Two unrelated cases involving meningitis and bacteraemia have been investigated and it was found that each victim could be linked to a particular PIF 63 . Pagotto and his colleagues were the first to describe putative virulence factors for C. sakazakii.…”

Section: Clinical Etiology and Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cronobacter Sakazakii: An Emerging Contaminant in Pediatric Infant Milk Formula

Arsalan¹,

Anwar²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2016

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii is a motile, Gram-negative, non-sporing yellow pigmented rod, which belongs to lethal Enterobacteriaceae family. C. sakazakii is ubiquitously found in air, soil, floor drains, and dry product processing environment. It has been isolated from hospitals, clinical materials, and cutting fluids and is also present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, sputum, throat, nose, stool, gut, skin, wounds, bone marrow, eye, ear and breast abscesses. C. sakazakii is a virulent pathogen and can adhere to silicon, latex, polycarbonate, and stainless steel. Therefore, Feeding-bottles or utensils used to prepare pediatric infant formula (PIF) should be thoroughly cleaned to diminish the development of biofilms, which could be the source of infections. Due to its virulence, C. sakazakii causes life threatening infections such as septicemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteriamia and meningitis. Hence, the regulatory authorities such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Health Canada strongly recommend breast-feeding over the bottle-feed to minimize the risk of infections caused by C. sakazakii.

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Section: Clinical Etiology and Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cronobacter Sakazakii: An Emerging Contaminant in Pediatric Infant Milk Formula

Arsalan¹,

Anwar²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2016

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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“…49 , hastanede ortaya çıkan salgında menenjit ve bakteriyemi vakasında, her iki hastadan ve toz bebek mamalarından yapılan kültürlerden C. sakazakii'nin izole edildiğini bildirmişlerdir.…”

Section: Helicobacter Pyloriunclassified

New Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens

Güner¹,

Atasever²

2009

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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ÖzetDünyanın birçok yerinde gıda kaynaklı olarak kabul edilen bazı yeni patojenler tanımlanmıştır. Bu patojenler arasında Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium Definitive Type 104, Helicobacter pylori ve Arcobacter butzleri sayılabilir. Salmonella Enteritiditis, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio vulnificus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterococci, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis uzun yıllardır patojen olarak bilinmelerine rağmen son yirmi yıldır başlıca gıda kaynaklı patojen olarak belirlenmiştir. Yeni ortaya çıkan ve tekrar önem kazanan gıda patojenlerinin epidemiyolojisinde; patojenlerdeki değişimler, ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişme, kirlilik, beslenme alışkanlıkları, sağlık sektöründeki yapılanmalar, demografik değişimler, seyahat ve göçlerin artışı, gıda, hayvansal gıda ve hayvan ticaretindeki artışlar önemli rol oynamaktadır. Yeni tanımlanmış veya zaman içersinde değişim göstermiş patojenler, bazı gıdalarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Önceleri güvenli olduğu düşünülen bazı gıdaların şimdi tehlike arz edebileceği kabul edilmektedir. Gıda kaynaklı hastalıkların kontrolü ve önlenmesinde kritik kontrol noktalarında tehlike analizi, iyi tarım uygulamaları, iyi veteriner uygulamaları, iyi üretim uygulamaları, iyi hijyen uygulamaları, iyi dağıtım uygulamaları ve iyi ticaret uygulamaları gibi yaklaşımlar önem arz etmektedir. Anahtar sözcükler: Besin patojenleri, Yeni patojenler, Halk sağlığı New Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens SummarySome newly recognized pathogens have been defined as food-borne pathogens in many parts of the world. Escherihia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium Definitive Type 104, Helicobacter pylori, Arcobacter butzleri are the main of these pathogens. Some pathogens, such as Salmonella Enteritiditis, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio vulnificus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterococci, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis have been recognized pathogens for many years but have only in the past two decades been determined to be predominantly foodborne. Several factors playing important role in the epidemiology of new emerging and reemerging food-borne pathogens are changes in the pathogens, economical and technological developments, poverty and pollution, dietary habits, new changes in health sector, demographic changes, increasing in travel and migration and trade in food and animal feed and animals, new food vehicles of transmission. New emerging and re-emerging food-borne pathogens have been implicated with new food vehicles. Foods previously thought to be safe are now considered potentially hazardous. Approaches such as hazard analysisis critical control point, good agricultural practice, good veterinary practice, good manufacturing practice, good distribution practice and good trade practice play important role in reducing and eliminating of food-borne infections. Keywords: Foodborne pathogens, New pathogens, Public health Yeni Ortaya Çıkan ve Tekrar Önem Kazanan Gıda Kaynaklı Bakteriyel PatojenlerAhmet GÜNER * Mu...

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“…However, infant formulas have been epidemiologically implicated as the source of Ent. sakazakii in several cases (Clark et al, 1990;Van Acker et al, 2001;Drudy et al, 2006). Although not all cases have been attributed to the ingestion of infant formulas, the microbiological safety and preparation of infant formulas are of great concern (Iversen and Forsythe, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enterobacter sakazakii, of the Enterobacteriaceae family is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen with a high death rate and is the cause of meningitis, septicemias and necrotizing enterocolitis, especially among the newborns (Muytjens et al, 1983(Muytjens et al, , 1988Biering et al, 1989;Clark et al, 1990;Van Acker et al, 2001;Iversen and Forsythe, 2003;Gurtler et al, 2005). To date, the source of Ent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of major band of Enterobacter sakazakii by ERIC-PCR and development of a species-specific PCR for detection of Ent. sakazakii in dry food samples

Zhou

et al. 2008

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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Epidemiologic typing of Enterobacter sakazakii in two neonatal nosocomial outbreaks

Cited by 137 publications

References 15 publications

Cronobacter Sakazakii: An Emerging Contaminant in Pediatric Infant Milk Formula

Cronobacter Sakazakii: An Emerging Contaminant in Pediatric Infant Milk Formula

New Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens

Analysis of major band of Enterobacter sakazakii by ERIC-PCR and development of a species-specific PCR for detection of Ent. sakazakii in dry food samples

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