Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii is a motile, Gram-negative, non-sporing yellow pigmented rod, which belongs to lethal Enterobacteriaceae family. C. sakazakii is ubiquitously found in air, soil, floor drains, and dry product processing environment. It has been isolated from hospitals, clinical materials, and cutting fluids and is also present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, sputum, throat, nose, stool, gut, skin, wounds, bone marrow, eye, ear and breast abscesses. C. sakazakii is a virulent pathogen and can adhere to silicon, latex, polycarbonate, and stainless steel. Therefore, Feeding-bottles or utensils used to prepare pediatric infant formula (PIF) should be thoroughly cleaned to diminish the development of biofilms, which could be the source of infections. Due to its virulence, C. sakazakii causes life threatening infections such as septicemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteriamia and meningitis. Hence, the regulatory authorities such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Health Canada strongly recommend breast-feeding over the bottle-feed to minimize the risk of infections caused by C. sakazakii.
The previous studies explain that bioactive compounds from Ficus religiosa are known as an anti-inflammatory agent. In this research, we investigated the potency of bioactive compounds from Ficus religiosa by using molecular docking between eight bioactive compounds and the COX-2 receptor. The eight ligands were collected from www.pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov., while the receptor was taken from www.rcsb.org. The result of this study could be a reference for the research in the synthesis of the bioactive compound to minimize failure. The collected data was calculated through Autodock Vina embedded in MGL Tools 1.5.6, and these processes were performed using 100 runs of the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm (LGA). The lowest energy of complexes was visualized by using Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer. This result proved that 28-Isofucosterol-COX-2 had smaller binding energy compared to the reference ligand.
Sustained release matrix tablets of venlafaxine were formulated using synthetic polymers (ethylcellulose & hydroxypropyl methylcellulose). Six (06) different batches of matrix tablets of venlafaxine (dose 75 mg) were prepared by the wet granulation method. Polymers were used alone or in combination. The physical properties of compressed tablets were evaluated. In vitro release drug studies were performed in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 over 24 hours. The drug release data fitted well to the First-order (R2 = 0.9725 � 0.9900). The n value obtained for most batches ranged from 0.523 to 0.946 indicates that the drug is released through an anomalous or non�Fickian transport. Results revealed that the combination of ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose produced a sustained effect compared to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose alone. Formulation F6 containing single polymer (EC) showed the highest control over initial burst release, and extended-release of the drug continued up to 16 hours.
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