Enzyme leakage due to change of membrane permeability of primary cultured rat hepatocytes treated with various hepatotoxins and its prevention by glycyrrhizin

Abstract

Various hepatotoxins were added to the medium of primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and the release of the cytosolic enzymes lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic aminotransferases were measured 24 h later. CCl4 at low concentrations caused dose-dependent release of soluble enzymes into medium without appreciable cytolysis of the hepatocytes. Mitochondrial enzymes were not released under these conditions. At 5 mM CCl4, both soluble and mitochondrial glutamic-oxaloacetic aminotransferase were found in the culture medium. Glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid glycoside of licorice roots, prevented the enzyme release caused by CCl4.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Result obtained from the present study showed that CCL 4 at 8 mM in the culture medium produced significantly elevated levels of LDH, GOT and GPT and that pre-treatment or pre-and post-treatment with Glycyrrhiza glabra significantly decreased the value of LDH, GPT and GOT to the normal levels. Our result was consistent with a report of Nakamura et al (1985) that Glycyrrhizin, the active component in the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, prevented the enzyme release from cultured rat hepatocytes induced by CCl 4 and LDH and GOT in the cultured medium were significantly reduced by the treatment of the rat hepatocytes with glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin has also been reported to suppress the elevation of serum GOT, GPT, LDH caused by ischemia-reperfusion in rat (Nagai et al 1992).…”

Survey of Glycyrrhizae Radix resources in Mongolia: chemical assessment of the underground part of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and comparison with Chinese Glycyrrhizea Radix

“…According to modern pharmacological studies, its major constituents revealed various activities, providing concrete evidence for its extensive therapeutic use. The main saponin, glycyrrhizin, and its aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid, have shown anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and antivirus activities [3][4][5][6]; flavonoids, including flavanones such as liquiritin apioside, liquiritin and liquiritigenin, and chalcones, such as isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin and isoliquiritigenin, etc., have shown antitussive, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-tumor effects [6][7][8]; in addition, glycycoumarin, a species-specific compound to Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, has antispasmodic and antibacterial activities [9,10].…”

Assessment of genetic fidelity and composition: Mixed elicitors enhance triterpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. tissue cultures

“…Male Kunming mice (weighing 20±2 g) were purchased from Tianjin Medical Institute [21] Kunming male mice were orally administered with 10 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX), 3 [21] Kunming male mice were administered as mouse ear inflammation model. After 30 min of the last administration, the average thickness (three or four measurements) of the left hind paw of each animal was determined by an electronic digital caliper.…”

“…The main triterpenoid saponin, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid, have shown anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and antivirus activities [2,3,4,5]. In addition, flavonoids, which are also active components in G. uralensis, have drawn the attention of researchers due to anti-oxidative, enhancing body immunity and improving physiological functions [6,7].…”