Environmental properties and effects of nonionic surfactant adjuvants in pesticides: a review

Combined Exposure to Mixture of Chemicals. An Impossible Challenge?

“…Acute toxicity tests with M0, the corresponding commercial wood preservative mixture, have revealed a higher toxicity on G. pulex than observed with M1. In the present study, additives present in M0 commercial solution were likely to modify interactions between active substances and their toxicity expression (Stratton, 1985;Krogh et al, 2003). Additives could also act because they are themselves toxic, or they facilitate pesticides intake, or they reduce activity of detoxification mechanisms (Holloway and Western, 2003;Green and Abdelghani, 2004;Paul et al, 2005).…”

Degradation Rate of Chloridazon in Soil as Influenced by Adjuvants

“…The use of spray-tank adjuvants which improve the efficacy of foliar applied crop protection products, including post emergence herbicides, is well known and there are a great numbers of adjuvants available for that purpose in the market (Krogh et al 2003;Foster et al 2006). Properties of adjuvants increase herbicide activity through mechanisms such as droplet adhesion, retention, spreading, deposit formation, uptake and translocation.…”

“…The listed properties of adjuvants can influence the concentration of herbicide residues in the soil. Adjuvants strongly influence pesticide delivery, uptake, redistribution, persistence and thus, the final biological performance (Krogh et al 2003;Cabrera et al 2010).…”

TritonX-100 selective chemosensor based on β-cyclodextrin modified by anthracene derivative

“…These NS families are regarded as environmental pollutants due to ecological toxicity of those materials [1,2] and their biodegradation intermediate [3]. Existing useful analytical methods for NS were combined with extraction [4], HPLC [5] and mass spectromertry [6].…”