Degradation Rate of Chloridazon in Soil as Influenced by Adjuvants

Kucharski, M.; Sadowski, Jerzy; Domaradzki, K.

doi:10.2478/v10045-012-0018-3

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Considering adjuvants as inert compromises the validity of some pesticide environmental risk indicators, for instance the Groundwater Ubiquity Score or the Environmental Impact Quotient ( 49 ). It is established that the half-life of pesticide active ingredients in soil is extended by the presence of adjuvants as has been demonstrated for chloridazon ( 50 ). A study investigating the leaching of four pesticide formulations (azoxystrobin, propyzamide, triadimenol, and cyproconazole) through a sandy loam soil found that leaching was greater than was the case with their respective active ingredients alone ( 51 ).…”

Section: Regulatory Guidance Values For Pesticides Can Be Miscalculatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignoring Adjuvant Toxicity Falsifies the Safety Profile of Commercial Pesticides

Mesnage

Antoniou

2018

Front. Public Health

221

126

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Commercial formulations of pesticides are invariably not single ingredients. Instead they are cocktails of chemicals, composed of a designated pesticidal “active principle” and “other ingredients,” with the latter collectively also known as “adjuvants.” These include surfactants, antifoaming agents, dyes, etc. Some adjuvants are added to influence the absorption and stability of the active principle and thus promote its pesticidal action. Currently, the health risk assessment of pesticides in the European Union and in the United States focuses almost exclusively on the stated active principle. Nonetheless, adjuvants can also be toxic in their own right with numerous negative health effects having been reported in humans and on the environment. Despite the known toxicity of adjuvants, they are regulated differently from active principles, with their toxic effects being generally ignored. Adjuvants are not subject to an acceptable daily intake, and they are not included in the health risk assessment of dietary exposures to pesticide residues. Here, we illustrate this gap in risk assessment by reference to glyphosate, the most used pesticide active ingredient. We also investigate the case of neonicotinoid insecticides, which are strongly suspected to be involved in bee and bumblebee colony collapse disorder. Authors of studies sometimes use the name of the active principle (for example glyphosate) when they are testing a commercial formulation containing multiple (active principle plus adjuvant) ingredients. This results in confusion in the scientific literature and within regulatory circles and leads to a misrepresentation of the safety profile of commercial pesticides. Urgent action is needed to lift the veil on the presence of adjuvants in food and human bodily fluids, as well as in the environment (such as in air, water, and soil) and to characterize their toxicological properties. This must be accompanied by regulatory precautionary measures to protect the environment and general human population from some toxic adjuvants that are currently missing from risk assessments.

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Section: Regulatory Guidance Values For Pesticides Can Be Miscalculatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignoring Adjuvant Toxicity Falsifies the Safety Profile of Commercial Pesticides

Mesnage

Antoniou

2018

Front. Public Health

221

126

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“…With regards to volatility, cadusafos is the only pesticide among the detected pesticides with high a volatility (119.6 mPa) while the others have a low volatility ranging between 4.0 × 10-07 mPa and 3.9 mPa (University of Hertfordshire, PPDB). Under optimum soil conditions, pesticides with a higher DT50 and a moderate to a high solubility, have the tendency to be absorbed by roots of crops growing in the field and subsequent crops in crop rotations (Doan Ngoc et al 2015;Hwang et al 2015;Kucharski et al 2012). Pesticides with high volatility can be absorbed by the foliar of non-target crops through spray drift and can also be taken up by crop roots under dry soil conditions.…”

Section: Pesticides Residues In Yam Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides residue analysis in yam from selected markets across Ghana and Belgium: an evaluation of the QUECHERS method

et al. 2018

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Background: In recent years, concerns have been raised in Ghana regarding the use of pesticides in yamproduction to the extent that it is feared that pesticides residues may be found in the yam tuber which isconsumed by many Ghanaians. This present study, therefore, was designed to assess the level of pesticides residues in yam bought from across Ghanaian markets i.e. production for local consumption and from Belgium grocery shops (export production from Ghana) using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method coupled with LC-MS/MS. A total of 180 yam samples, including 150 from Ghana and 30 from Belgium were collected and pesticides residues were analyzed using a multi-residue method. Results: A total of 25 pesticides were screened in the yam samples and 11 of them were detected. Theresults indicated that about 46% of the samples contained one or more of the 11 detected pesticides in arange of 0. 000014 mg/kg up to 0.0146 mg/kg. The three most detected pesticides in this study were fenpropimorph, cadusafos and fenitrothion, occurring in 179, 171 and 126 samples respectively. All the detected pesticides were below their respective EU maximum residue limits (MRL). Conclusion: By these results, it can be said that, the residues of the monitored pesticides found in yam arevery low and are unlikely to pose a negative human health effect.

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“…To increase safety of pesticide use and minimise their negative effect on the environment, a series of new solutions is being introduced, the dominant being the use of adjuvants (Foster et al 2006, Kucharski and Sadowski 2009, Green and Beestman 2007, Kucharski et al 2012, ionic liquids (Pernak et al 2011, Pernak et al 2015 and innovative controlled release formulations. The key objective in the use of such formulations in agriculture is the gradual (controlled) release of the active substance to the environment and, at the same time, minimizing the applied dose (Mogul et al 1996, Flores-Céspedes et al 2007, Fernández-Pérez et al 2011.…”

Section: Włodarczyk and Siwek 2016)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Humidity and Soil Texture on the Degradation Process of Selected Herbicides Immobilized in Alginate Matrix in Soil under Laboratory Conditions

Włodarczyk

Siwek

2017

pjss

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The influence of humidity and soil type on the degradation process of clomazone, metazachlor and pendimethalin immobilized in the alginate matrix were studied under laboratory conditions, and herbicidal degradation parameters obtained for alginate systems and commercial formulations (Command 480 EC, Metazachlor 500 SC and Panida 330 SC) were compared. Two soils with different organic content were used in the experiment: loamy sand (S1) and sand (S2). The effect of soil humidity on the rate of herbicide degradation was assessed for soil S1 at 15% and 60% of maximum water holding capacity. Herbicides residues were analyzed using GC/MS method. The experimental data were fitted to the mathematical model based on the first-order reaction kinetics. There was no significant effect of soil type on the degradation rate of herbicides immobilized in the alginate matrix. For all alginate systems analyzed process was faster with an increased soil moisture. Formulation is a significant factor affecting the degradation process of herbicides in soil.

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Degradation Rate of Chloridazon in Soil as Influenced by Adjuvants

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Ignoring Adjuvant Toxicity Falsifies the Safety Profile of Commercial Pesticides

Ignoring Adjuvant Toxicity Falsifies the Safety Profile of Commercial Pesticides

Pesticides residue analysis in yam from selected markets across Ghana and Belgium: an evaluation of the QUECHERS method

The Influence of Humidity and Soil Texture on the Degradation Process of Selected Herbicides Immobilized in Alginate Matrix in Soil under Laboratory Conditions

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