Enhancing ecological-economic efficiency of intensive shrimp farm through in-out nutrient budget and feed conversion ratio

Abstract

In aquaculture systems, insufficient nutrients impede shrimp growth while excessive amounts of nutrient inputs lead to environmental degradation and unnecessary high investment. A study of in-out nutrient budgets in an intensive Litopenaeus vannamei farm was conducted in this work to measure the amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) input and output from the system. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained to determine the level of nutrient input performance. Between September and December 2017, monthly water and sediment samples were taken within one crop cycle. Nutrient concentrations in sediment and water increased over 90 days. The total nitrogen concentration in the pond water and effluents were in accordance with wastewater quality control for aquaculture; however, the total phosphorus concentration failed to meet the water quality control from the water input through the end of the crop cycle. The nutrient budget model showed that the input/output contained 107.8 kg N and 178.4 kg P. Most of the N input came from shrimp diets (80%) while most of the P came from fertilizer (57%). Both N (46%) and P (54%) mainly deposited in the sediment as an output process. The FCR of this farm is 2.0. Based on the 1.8 FCR scenario, this farm could reduce 147 kg of feed in total, which accounts for 9.04 kg N and 2.21 kg P reduction. The farmer could save $1027 USD crop − 1 ($1 USD = 32.7 baht), as well as reducing uneaten food at the bottom of the pond. This study offers a simple and straightforward model that can practically reduce environmental impacts and increase the profitability of farms.

The effectiveness of silvofishery system in water treatment in intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds, Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia

“…Shrimp farmers impose feed onto their shrimp in a targeted response to shorter harvest periods. This can cause overfeeding and water pollution (Chaikaew et al 2019). Nutrient concentrations in this study ranged from 0.20 to 1.25 mg.L -1 for nitrate and 0.01 to 0.08 mg.L -1 for orthophosphate.…”

Carciniculture solid waste increases the morphophysiological characteristics of tomato seedlings

“…Silva et al (2006) stated differences found in nutrients result from many food processing operations that can directly or indirectly alter the level or chemical form of nutrients or their association with other components of the food. Chaikaew et al (2019) found that differences in the concentration of nutrients result from the type of system used in production, such as intensive and semi-intensive, which discharge more nutrients than the extensive system.…”

PERFORMA BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) PADA MUSIM KEMARAU DI TAMBAK KECAMATAN MARUSU KABUPATEN MAROS

“…Kualitas air yang buruk secara langsung memengaruhi nafsu makan udang windu, yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya fungsi pencernaan usus dan berkurangnya pencernaan nutrisi di usus sehingga meningkatkan RKP. Seperti dikatakan oleh Chaikaew et al (2019) bahwa RKP dipengaruhi oleh kualitas air dan pengelolaan pakan pada budidaya udang. Selanjutnya Huet & Timmermans (1994) menyatakan bahwa RKP juga dipengaruhi oleh sintasan, kepadatan, bobot individu, perbedaan persentase makanan harian, waktu, dan lokasi budidaya, serta pertumbuhan biomassa udang.…”