Energy Sustainability–Survey on Technology and Control of Microgrid, Smart Grid and Virtual Power Plant

Khan, Riaz Ullah; Islam, Naimul; Das, Sajal K.; Muyeen, S. M.; Moyeen, Sumaya I.; Ali, Mohamad Wijayanuddin; Tasneem, Zinat; Islam, Md. Robiul; Saha, Dip Kumar; Badal, Md. Faisal R.; Ahamed, Md. Hafiz; Techato, Kuaanan

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3099941

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Moreover, the actual generated power should be controlled by the power offering strategy in the VPP aggregator with EMS. Then, the actual power generation by DERs, PPV,WT,CHP(k) (t), could be rewritten as PPV,WT,CHP(k) (t) = P min PV ,WT,CHP + w k (t) • P k,step (t) (7) where w k (t) is the control co-efficiency to adjust step-size with the amount of P k,step (t). And the unit power step size of kth sub-plant.…”

Section: Energy Management System 31 Objective Function Of the Ems In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the VPP can contain distributed renewable energy power plants (i.e., DERs), traditional fossil-fuel-fired power plants (i.e., Conventional Heat-power Plant (CHP)), energy storage facilities and dispatchable loads. VPP can consist of a hierarchical aggregation of MGs [6,7]. Such integration approach is a very efficient way of coordinating the various types of energy resources in order to increase the profits and minimize the overall maintenance cost [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Management System with Power Offering Strategy for a Microgrid Integrated VPP

Lee¹

2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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In the context of both the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) and microgrid (MG), the Energy Management System (EMS) is a key decision-maker for integrating Distributed renewable Energy Resources (DERs) efficiently. The EMS is regarded as a strong enabler of providing the optimized scheduling control in operation and management of usage of disperse DERs and Renewable Energy reSources (RES) such as a small-size wind-turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) energies. The main objective to be pursued by the EMS is the minimization of the overall operating cost of the MG integrated VPP network. However, the minimization of the power peaks is a new objective and open issue to a well-functional EMS, along with the maximization of profit in the energy market. Thus, both objectives have to be taken into account at the same time. Thus, this paper proposes the EMS application incorporating power offering strategy applying a nature-inspired algorithm such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, in order to find the optimal solution of the objective function in the context of the overall operating cost, the coordination of DERs, and the energy losses in a MG integrated VPP network. For a fair DERs coordination with minimized power fluctuations in the power flow, the power offering strategies with an active power control and re-distribution are proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed MG integrated VPP model with PSO-based EMS employing Egalitarian reDistribution (ED) power offering strategy is most feasible option for the overall operating cost of VPP revenue. The total operating cost of the proposed EMS with ED strategy is 40.98$ compared to 432.8$ of MGs only without EMS. It is concluded that each MGs in the proposed VPP model intelligently participates in energy trading market compliant with the objective function, to minimize the overall cost and the power fluctuation.

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Section: Energy Management System 31 Objective Function Of the Ems In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management System with Power Offering Strategy for a Microgrid Integrated VPP

Lee¹

2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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“…Virtual power plant (VPP) has become a way to coordinate and control the increasing DER in power system, known as the bridge between DERs and Smart Grid [3]. VPP aggregates distributed generations and Flexible loads by using some advanced technologies, such as control, metering, communication, and so on [4]. This means that several geographically dispersed DERs are considered together and their total output is controlled to simulate the output of traditional power plants, thus meeting the requirements of distributed Energy Management System (EMS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-tier game model based scheduling strategy for Virtual Power Plants

Zuo

Wang

Hou

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Recently, there has been a lot of attention on how to enhance the management capabilities of distributed electricity production and demand aggregation by Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), which poses the challenge of leveraging their ability to participate in electricity markets to maximize operating profits. This paper analyzes the scheduling problem in fully distributed controlled VPP and proposes a two-level game model. In this model, the Stackelberg game is used to describe the interaction between Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and Energy Management System (EMS). On the other hand, the competition between DERs is formulated by the Cournot game. EMS sets its electric rate as single-leader, and DERs generate the optimal generation capacity accordingly as multi-follower. Then, we analyze and obtain the relationship between the demand and the resource supply to achieve market equilibrium on maximizing the utility of EMS and DERs. Simulation results show the analysis’s correctness and the proposed strategies’ performance improvement.

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“…The use of RE sources in the MG plays an important role in the reduction of the pressure on natural assets and meets environmental needs by producing clean and safe energy. [6][7][8] The cheap, regular obtaining and recycling capability of the RE makes it a promising source that never dies out by use whose demand is growing day-by-day. 9 The technical infrastructure of the MG may consist of a large number of different distributed energy resources (DER) such as RE, energy storage system (ESS), fuel cell as well as heat and power combined generation unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small‐scale generation capability of the MG can be installed near the area of users or where the main grid is not available to reduce the large investment in the transmission and distribution lines to deliver power to the remote area. The use of RE sources in the MG plays an important role in the reduction of the pressure on natural assets and meets environmental needs by producing clean and safe energy 6–8 . The cheap, regular obtaining and recycling capability of the RE makes it a promising source that never dies out by use whose demand is growing day‐by‐day 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgrid to smart grid's evolution: Technical challenges, current solutions, and future scopes

Badal

Sarker

Nayem

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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Renewable energy (RE) sources play an important role that not only reduces the pressure on fossil fuels but also produces safe and clean energy by developing the microgrid (MG) technology that fulfills the excess demand for power throughout the world. The technological development and the blessing of information and communication technology converts the MG technology to a smarter one, termed as smart grid (SG) and virtual power plant, by establishing a two‐way communication between the consumers and service provider with the aid of smart metering infrastructure, dynamic pricing scheme, energy management system, smart transmission and distribution system. The transformation of the traditional power system to SG enhances the efficiency, flexibility, resiliency, and robustness of the power system due to the increasing level of cyber security and automation. A directional pathway from conventional to smart power system has been carried out in this paper by addressing the present status of the power system, challenges during the operations, and possible solutions. Initially, the control operation of MG with RE and energy storage system has been investigated which is essential to understand the operation complexity and challenges due to the variable nature of the RE, load dynamics, and uncertainties. But the facilities of end‐user feedback, dynamic pricing scheme, cyber security, and smart metering system are not present in MG technology that hampers the proper regulation of controlling operation, generating and distributing energy as well as energy losses. The development of SG with smart technologies overcomes these problems by proper controlling of power usage. Finally, this paper provides a path to move the MG toward SG by analyzing the technical and critical challenges of smart devices, equipment integration, and their control issues and provides possible solutions to overcome the integration and control challenges for a reliable and sustainable operation.

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Energy Sustainability–Survey on Technology and Control of Microgrid, Smart Grid and Virtual Power Plant

Cited by 47 publications

References 152 publications

Energy Management System with Power Offering Strategy for a Microgrid Integrated VPP

Energy Management System with Power Offering Strategy for a Microgrid Integrated VPP

A two-tier game model based scheduling strategy for Virtual Power Plants

Microgrid to smart grid's evolution: Technical challenges, current solutions, and future scopes

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