Endogenous estrogens and breast cancer a possible relationship between body fat distribution and estrogen availability

Bruning, P.F.

doi:10.1016/0022-4731(87)90344-x

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Others even reported no significant association. 11,34,42 WHR has been found to be associated with higher levels of androgens, insulin and reduced levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, 41,[43][44][45] factors that have been previously linked with breast cancers risk. 44,46 -48 While all these nonestrogenic profile changes associated with high WHR are likely to increase the risk of breast cancer, further studies are needed to better understand the association of WHR and breast cancer, particularly with regard to menopausal status and the underlying mechanism(s).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

et al. 2001

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Most previous studies addressing the association of body size, weight change and body fat distribution with the risk of breast cancer were conducted in Western societies with a high proportion of overweight people. It remains unclear whether the dose-response relation observed in earlier studies can be extended to women with "normal" weight based on prevailing Western standards. To address this issue, we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of breast cancer recently completed among Chinese women in urban Shanghai. In-person interviews and anthropometric measurements were completed for 1,459 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer from 25 to 64 years of age and 1,556 controls frequency-matched to cases on age. Unconditional logistic regression was employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) related to anthropometric variables and self-reported body weight. Currently measured weight, body mass index [BMI: weight (kg)/height(m) 2 ] or height was each found to be positively related to risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a doseresponse manner, with ORs (95% CI) being 2.0 (1.4 -3.0), 2.0 (1.2-3.2) or 1.7 (1.2-2.5), respectively, for the highest category of weight, BMI or height compared to the lowest category of these variables. These variables were unrelated to premenopausal breast cancer risk. Reported weight at ages >40 years and weight gain after age 20 were more predictive for postmenopausal breast cancer than weight at an earlier age. After adjustment for BMI, waist-to-hip ratio was related to an increased risk of premenopausal [OR ‫؍‬ 1.7 (1.3-2.3) for the highest category compared to the lowest category] but not postmenopausal breast cancer. This study suggests that, even in a relatively thin Chinese population, weight gain and height are related to an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, while central fat distribution was associated with premenopausal breast cancer. General weight control may be an effective measurement for breast cancer prevention. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: obesity, fat distribution, breast cancerObesity has been found to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women and unrelated to or related to a reduced risk of breast cancer risk among premenopausal women in many epidemiological studies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The association of body fat distribution with breast cancer has not been well characterized. It has been suggested that central obesity, mainly measured by the waist-to-hip ratio, is positively associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among all women, 14 -17 among postmenopausal women 18 -21 and among premenopausal women. 13 The vast majority of published results were based on studies conducted in Western countries where the prevalence of obesity is high. Only a limited number of studies have been conducted to evaluate breast cancer risk in populations in which a vast majority of women are classified as thin or of normal weight accordi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

et al. 2001

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“…In addition to general obesity, as indexed by the BMI, there is growing interest in the adverse health effects of abdominal fat because of its relationship with visceral fat (17) and unique hormonal profiles (18). Women with an elevated waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or a large waist circumference, two markers of abdominal fat distribution (19), are reported to have a higher risk of several cancers (including postmenopausal breast cancer) as well as stroke, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hirsutism, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (20)(21)(22) presumably due to elevated concentrations of estrogen, insulin, and triglycerides (18,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women with an elevated waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or a large waist circumference, two markers of abdominal fat distribution (19), are reported to have a higher risk of several cancers (including postmenopausal breast cancer) as well as stroke, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hirsutism, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (20)(21)(22) presumably due to elevated concentrations of estrogen, insulin, and triglycerides (18,23). The effect of abdominal fat on the prognosis for breast cancer has not been well studied in either premenopausal or postmenopausal women (24,25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General and Abdominal Obesity and Survival among Young Women with Breast Cancer

Abrahamson¹,

Gammon²,

Lund

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

120

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Among postmenopausal women, obesity is linked to increased risk of breast cancer and poorer subsequent survival. For premenopausal women, obesity may reduce incidence, but less is known about its effect on prognosis, particularly for abdominal obesity. This study investigated whether general or abdominal obesity at diagnosis influenced survival in a cohort of young women with breast cancer. A population-based follow-up study was conducted among 1,254 women ages 20 to 54 who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1990 and 1992 in Atlanta or New Jersey. Women were interviewed within several months of diagnosis and asked about their weight and height at age 20 and in the year before diagnosis. Study personnel did anthropometric measures at the interview. With 8 to 10 years of follow-up, all-cause mortality status was determined using the National Death Index (n = 290 deaths). Increased mortality was observed for women who were obese [body mass index (BMI), z30] at the time of interview compared with women of ideal weight [BMI,; stage-and income-adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.48; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.09-2.01]. A similar result was seen for the highest versus lowest quartile of waist-to-hip ratio (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.05-2.19). Strong associations with mortality were found for women who were obese at age 20 (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.15-5.37) or who were overweight/obese (BMI, z25) at both age 20 and the time of interview (HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1. 45-3.40). This study provides evidence that breast cancer survival is reduced among younger women with general or abdominal obesity.

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“…Therefore, women having this pattern associated with increased risk for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease may have theoretically a higher risk for BC than women whose fat is mainly distributed over hips, buttocks, and lower extremities. Since BC is a multifactorial disease, western lifestyle may act on the incidence of BC through an influence on body fat distribution and resulting changes in sex steroid availability 39 . In our report, on the contrary, a high endomorphy (rather similar to the gynoid-type obesity) was found as positively associated with the risk of BC, despite menopausal status.…”

Section: Tabela 1 -Características Gerais Da População Estudada (Urugmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatotype and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay

Ronco¹,

Mendoza

Varas³

et al. 2008

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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According to the evidence, there is a need for more thorough assessment and quantification of body size and shape and the risk of breast cancer. Using the somatotype methodology, we carried out an original research in order to explore possible associations between body shape and the risk of breast cancer in Uruguayan women. With this objective, 254 recent breast cancer cases and 1,000 frequency-matched healthy controls were interviewed on menstrual and reproductive story, and a series of skinfolds, circumferences and diameters were measured specifically to calculate somatotype. A positive association with breast cancer was found for high endomorphy (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.82, p < 0.001), mainly among premenopausal women (OR = 4.98, p <0.001) and normoweight women (OR = 5.12, p = 0.002), whereas almost no differences were observed for mesomorphic and ectomorphic women. Analysis showed a high mesoendomorphic pattern in the study population. Further studies are needed to confirm the present results obtained in a country with high incidence of the disease.

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Endogenous estrogens and breast cancer a possible relationship between body fat distribution and estrogen availability

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

General and Abdominal Obesity and Survival among Young Women with Breast Cancer

Somatotype and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay

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