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Background and Purpose: Dietary acid load contributes to metabolic acidosis, leading to inflammation and cell transformation, potentially implicated in cancer development. Albeit an increased risk of recurrence among BC survivors was reported for a high acid load, the epidemiologic evidence associating diet-dependent acid load and cancer risk, particularly for breast cancer (BC), is still very limited. Therefore, we have explored in the present study its role in BC risk. Methods: A case-control study was performed on 1461 patients (572 BC cases and 889 age-frequency matched controls), through a multi-topic questionnaire, which included a food frequency questionnaire. Food-derived nutrients were calculated from available databases. The dietary acid load was calculated based on existing measures as potential renal acid load (PRAL) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score. Odds Ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We found direct associations between dietary acid load and BC risk. Both scores were significantly associated (OR=2.46 and OR=1.78 for highest PRAL and NEAP, respectively). A positive BC family history involved higher risks (OR=6.14 and OR=3.38 for highest PRAL and NEAP, respectively). Linear trends were found in all overall and stratified analyses. Conclusions: Results suggest that a low acid load dietary style may reduce BC risk since both PRAL and NEAP scores were directly associated with meat intake and inversely associated with plant-based foods intake. The findings agree with studies focused on food groups and dietary patterns. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0302-8 Full Text: PDF

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According to the evidence, there is a need for more thorough assessment and quantification of body size and shape and the risk of breast cancer. Using the somatotype methodology, we carried out an original research in order to explore possible associations between body shape and the risk of breast cancer in Uruguayan women. With this objective, 254 recent breast cancer cases and 1,000 frequency-matched healthy controls were interviewed on menstrual and reproductive story, and a series of skinfolds, circumferences and diameters were measured specifically to calculate somatotype. A positive association with breast cancer was found for high endomorphy (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.82, p < 0.001), mainly among premenopausal women (OR = 4.98, p <0.001) and normoweight women (OR = 5.12, p = 0.002), whereas almost no differences were observed for mesomorphic and ectomorphic women. Analysis showed a high mesoendomorphic pattern in the study population. Further studies are needed to confirm the present results obtained in a country with high incidence of the disease.