Elicitation of dependency expressions in the initial stage of psychotherapy.

Caracena, Philip F.

doi:10.1037/h0022586

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, they found that clients tend to discontinue expression of dependency if therapists avoid this content. Similar findings have also been reported by Caracena (1965). However, both of these studies are based on interviews obtained early in the therapeutic process.…”

Section: University Of Arkansassupporting

confidence: 83%

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Psychotherapists' approach-avoidance responses and clients' expressions of dependency.

Schuldt¹

1966

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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Section: University Of Arkansassupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The coding procedure was that used by Caracena (1965) and Kopplin (1963). This procedure is a modification of the content analysis system employed by Bandura et al (1960) and Winder et al (1962).…”

Section: Coding Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotherapists' approach-avoidance responses and clients' expressions of dependency.

Schuldt¹

1966

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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“…Cicchetti. & Towbin, 1970); avoid difficult client topics (Caracena, 1965;Henry & Robinson. 1985); make more suggestions and give more advice (Bohn, 1965); confront clients rarely (Mitchell & Hall, 1971), except in a positive manner (i.e.. pointing out favorable inconsistencies), where the> do this more than experienced counselors (Hill.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in counselor response as a function of experience.

Tracey¹,

Hays²,

Malone³

et al. 1988

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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The responses of 67 counselors to 21 widely varying client statements were rated on eight dimensions {dominance, approach-avoidance, focus on affect, immediacy, breadth vs. specificity, meeting client's demands, verbosity, and confrontation). The counselors were divided into three experience levels (beginning students [n = 24], advanced students [n = 23], and doctoral level professionals [n = 20]). and their responses were compared. We hypothesized that siudem counselors would evidence different amounts of these variables than would the doctoral counselors. This hypothesis was supported on the dimensions of dominance, immediacy, meeting client's demands, verbosity, and confrontation. It was also hypothesized that response flexibility would differ across the experience levels. On the dimensions of dominance, meeting client demands, and confrontation, doctoral counselors were more flexible than were advanced student counselors. The results indicate that students focus on learning and honing the use of certain counseling skills. In the process of doing this, they tend to apply them in a rigid manner. Doctoral counselors appear more able to apply their skills flexibly depending on the situation.

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“…Varble (1968) and Bandura, Lipsher, and Miller (1960) studied the effect of therapists' approach-avoidance responses upon the elicitation of client hostility statements. Caracena (1965), Schuldt (1966), andWinder, Ahmad, Bandura, andRau (1962) investigated the same question but with respect to client dependent statements. These studies demonstrated that therapists' approach responses elicit client verbal behavior and encourage a client to continue expressing both hostile and dependent statements; therapists' avoidance responses serve as suppressors and discourage the clients' continuation of these statements.…”

Section: University Of Oregonmentioning

confidence: 99%