Electrochemical Technology for Wastewater Treatment: Dares and Trends

Abstract

For treating wastewater, electrochemical engineering has been rediscovered during the last four decades through the world for its inherent advantages comparatively with traditional technologies especially the chemical and biological techniques. However, the expansion of this technology founded on electric current applying has been retarded by several technical-economic factors especially the detection of disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation. This work focuses on the challenges and future tendencies for this highly-efficient technology to reach the full-scale implementations particularly in disinfecting water. Lately, new versions of electrochemical techniques have been suggested such as employing sulfate radical anion ( 4 SO •− ) and sunlight to generate • OH radicals in TiO 2 photocatalysis and photo-Fenton water treatment. These improvements elevated the electrochemical engineering efficiency and acceptation. However, more efforts remain to be accomplished for water reuse vision. Future researches would focus on integrating membranes processes such as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for a safe removal of DBPs.

A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2

“…Therefore, the current wastewater treatment system in developed countries is completely effective in the elimination of this virus. However, the sewage infrastructure or using the wastewater for irrigation besides non-efficient plumbing system increased the risk of virus diffusion in some regions [ 91 , 92 , 93 ]. Based on investigations on various species of RNA viruses, most of them are enveloped and most of the future studies should focus on their nature, inactivation, and diffusion due to the wide diversity range in this family [ 91 , 94 , 95 , 96 ].…”

A Review of the Processes Associated with the Removal of Oil in Water Pollution

“…Electrocoagulation (EC) technology is a wastewater treatment process that applies electrical currents to treat and remove wastewater contaminants [135,145,146]. EC is an alternative to classic chemical coagulation, as it reduces the need for chemicals in that the electrodes electrochemically deliver the coagulant into the suspension directly [52,111,147].…”

Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs) for Disinfecting Water—Fresh Perspectives

“…EAOPs are known as hydroxyl radical ( • OH)-mediated electrochemical treatments, where contaminants are broken by electrochemically produced reactive oxygen species (ROSs), mostly • OH and oxidants generated from such strong radical [1] [11] [12] [13]. Indeed, • OH remains an extremely vigorous oxidizing factor that reacts non-selectively with organic compounds, leading to their oxidation up to reaching a so elevated mineralization level or, in most situations, their total burning to CO 2 , water and inorganic ions [14]. In a general manner, EAOPs could be classified into two classes: 1) electrooxidation/anodic oxidation and 2) Fenton's reaction founded electrochemical processes (electro-Fenton, solar [15] [16] and UV photoelectro-Fenton and heterogeneous electro/photoelectro-Fenton processes) [1] [10].…”