Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation

Saldaña, G.; Martín, Jesús Izquierdo; Zamora, I.; Asensio, F.J.; Oñederra, O.

doi:10.3390/en12122443

Cited by 88 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…One has to select good batteries that possess high energy density and superior chemical capacity with robust recharging capability for its long runs. In the review article, the authors in Reference have given different charging methodologies to provide ancillary services with an emphasis on battery degradation.…”

Section: V2g Challenges and Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

En route of electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid technique in distribution networks: Status and technological review

et al. 2019

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The presence of electric vehicles (EVs) directly affects the low voltage electric distribution networks. This article depicts the anticipated problems that occurred when it draws power from grid to vehicle in the charging scenario and critically analyze EV as dynamic storage while feeding the power grid in the discharging status (vehicle to grid). The merits and demerits by deploying the mass integration of EVs into the distribution network are comprehensively investigated. Moreover, the challenges of integrating renewable energy resources and deployment of EVs, for the efficient, reliable, and uninterruptible power flow are covered. The future scopes of electric mobility industry including wireless EV charging, vehicle to home, cloud to home charging are also highlighted. This comprehensive review is highly beneficial for the research community and design engineers working in this area. K E Y W O R D Selectric vehicles, grid to vehicle, power charger, power stability, renewable energy resources, smart grid, vehicle to grid

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Section: V2g Challenges and Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

En route of electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid technique in distribution networks: Status and technological review

et al. 2019

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“…A review on system planning of grid-connected EV CSs and key technologies can be found in [42]. Various charging methodologies are further analyzed in [43].…”

Section: Types Of Charging Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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The goal of the study presented in this article is to provide a general overview of the various aspects related to electric vehicles (EVs), along with all associated emerging challenges and perspectives. In this context, the basic types of EVs and the corresponding charging technologies are analyzed. Since EVs are expected to be a key component of future smart electrical grids (SEG), connection to the grid issues, along with advanced charging techniques (i.e., wireless power transfer), are analyzed as well. To this end, the main features, the requirements of vehicle to grid (V2G) communications, as well as future developments and scenarios of electrification, are also presented and analyzed. Moreover, integration issues with currently deployed fifth generation (5G) mobile wireless networks are also outlined, in order to ensure optimum transmission and reception quality in V2G communications and improved user experience. This integration is also expanded in autonomous vehicles (AVs) technology (self-driving objects), since optimized information processing from various diverse sources is required in order to ensure advanced traffic management aspects.In this context, two major categories can be classified: a. Battery electric vehicles (BEV), and b. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). BEVs use batteries as a source of energy and they are also called "green vehicles, or clean vehicles, or eco-friendly vehicles" because they have zero emissions. In order to cover a travel distance, they are equipped with larger storage batteries than HEVs. However, the limited traveling distance of BEVs is an important drawback because it is often necessary to recharge the battery by connecting to an external power source (in city cars, autonomy starts from 100 to 120 km and reaches 500 km or more in high power cars-Tesla Model). A HEV is classified as a car that uses two or more different technologies to achieve its movement. These technologies usually include the classic internal combustion engine and a more "mild" environmentally-friendly technology, usually an electric motor. However, the electric motor is used as a supplementary power source in cases where the HEV requires more power.It is apparent from the above that proper energy management is of vital importance for the smooth operation of EVs. A challenging research field includes the design and implementation of efficient charging schemes that ensure fast and reliable EV charging in order to increase vehicle autonomy. In this concept, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) approach aims to optimize the way we transport, use, and produce electricity by turning electric cars into "virtual power plants" [9]. V2G technology refers to a bi-directional flow system operation, in which plug-in battery electric vehicles communicate with a recipient and allow the reciprocal flow between the EV and an electric grid [10,11]. Under this relatively new concept, electric cars would store and dispatch electrical energy stored in networked vehicle batteries which together act as one collective battery fleet ...

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“…Such an algorithm will only allow access to the battery's stored energy that does not exceed its allowable depth of discharge and it does not jeopardize its lifespan. Similarly, the authors in [14] offer an in-depth review and analysis of the different electric vehicle charging strategies in the context of vehicle-to-home (V2H), vehicle-to-building (V2B), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G). As a result, it is shown that an optimal bidirectional electric vehicle recharging strategy relies on both the end user's profile and degradation of the battery, with special interest for the cases of V2H and V2B where renewable energy resources can be used to charge the EV during periods of high energy rates.…”

Section: Electrical Vehicles Integration In Residential Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply Side Management vs. Demand Side Management of a Residential Microgrid Equipped with an Electric Vehicle in a Dual Tariff Scheme

et al. 2019

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Fundamentally, two main methodologies are used to reduce the electric energy bill in residential, commercial, and even industrial applications. The first method is to act on the supply side by integrating alternative means of power generation, such as renewable energy generators, having a relatively low levelized cost of energy. Whereas, the second methodology focuses on the management of the load to minimize the overall paid cost for energy. Thus, this article highlights the importance of demand side management by comparing it to the supply side management having, as criteria, the total achieved savings on the overall annual energy bill of a residential microgrid supplied by two power sources and equipped with an electric vehicle. The optimization takes into consideration the cost of kWh that is paid by the prosumer based on an economical model having as inputs the outcomes of the energy model. The adopted energy model integrates, on the demand side, an intelligent energy management system acting on secondary loads, and on the supply side, a photovoltaic (PV) system with and without battery energy storage system (BESS). The outcome of this work shows that, under the right circumstances, demand side management can be as valuable as supply side control.

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Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation

Cited by 88 publications

References 131 publications

En route of electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid technique in distribution networks: Status and technological review

En route of electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid technique in distribution networks: Status and technological review

Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives

Supply Side Management vs. Demand Side Management of a Residential Microgrid Equipped with an Electric Vehicle in a Dual Tariff Scheme

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