Eficiência relacionada à absorção e utilização de nitrogênio, fósforo e enxofre, em plantas de cafeeiros enxertadas, cultivadas em vasos

Abstract

O estudo da eficiência nutricional de plantas de cafeeiro (Coffea. arabica) enxertadas visou conhecer preliminarmente os potenciais de clones de Conilon (C. canephora) como porta-enxertos quanto à absorção e utilização de N, P e S. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro do setor de cafeicultura do Departamento de Fitopatologia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, utilizando vasos de 20 litros em ambiente aberto. Foram empregados como porta-enxerto cinco progênies famílias de meio-irmãos de clones elites de C. canephora Pierre cv. Conilon do programa de melhoramento de cafeeiros robusta do INCAPER: 'ES 21', 'ES 36', 'ES 26', 'ES 23' e 'ES 38'. Utilizaram-se como enxertos as cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 e Oeiras MG 6851 e as linhagens H 419-10-3-4-4 e H 514-5-5-3 de C. arabica. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 24 tratamentos e 3 repetições, sendo quatro pés-francos e 20 combinações de enxertia. No cultivo em vasos, a cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 quando combinada com os porta-enxertos ES 26 e ES 23 apresentou maior produção de matéria seca e utilização de N e P quando comparada com o pé-franco. Na maioria das vezes as plantas enxertadas cultivadas em vaso, tiveram desempenho igual ou inferior às plantas controles ( pé-franco) quanto à eficiência nutricional e produção de matéria seca.

Nutritional Efficiency and Nutrient Acumulation of Maize Cultivated in Soils With High Al-KCl Content

“…The liming associated to the fertilization provided the supply of P to the evaluated plants due to the increase of the pH of the soils (Table 3), making it more available in the solution of the soils facilitating the absorption of the same by the plants (Opala, 2017;Cunha et al, 2018a, b). The absorption of this nutrient, according to Tomaz et al (2009), depends on the morphological and physiological characteristics of the roots, however, their importance in the absorption process depends on the root access to the nutrient. When there is no limitation on the arrival of the ion at the root surface, the physiological factors are more important than the morphological ones regarding nutrient absorption (Delhaize et al, 2007;Balemi & Negisho, 2012).…”

“…between shoot nutrient content (NC sh ) and root dry weight (RDW), demonstrating plant's ability to extract nutrients from the soil, which differs among species (Swiader et al, 1994;Fageria & Moreira, 2011;Sathiyavani et al, 2017). Some species have an extensive root system while others have high uptake per unit of root length, that is, a high nutrient uptake rate (Tomaz et al, 2009). Transport efficiency (TE) is defined as the relation between total shoot nutrient content (TNC SH ) and total plant nutrient content (TNC P ) multiplied by 100 (Li et al, 1991) and indicates the plant's ability to transport nutrients from the root to the shoot.…”

The nutritional efficiency of Coffea spp. A review

“…As observed for macronutrients (Tomaz et al, 2004;Tomaz et al, 2008;Tomaz et al, 2009), the nutritional efficiency of coffee plants to B, Zn, Cu and Mn shows variation with the combination graft and rootstock used. Combining Catuaí Vermelho IAC-15 and rootstocks ES-26 and ES-23 benefited the efficiency of use of B and Zn (Tomaz et al, 2011).…”

“…It was observed that MG 6851 Oeiras and H 419-10-3-1-5 had no benefit by grafting, showing high efficiency in nutrient utilization (Tomaz et al, 2004). The efficiency of absorption and utilization of N, P and S has been studied in plants of C. arabica grafted on C. canephora (Tomaz et al, 2009) and evaluated at 18 months of age. It was concluded that the use efficiency of N, P and S (Tomaz et al, 2009) and K, Ca and Mg (Tomaz et al, 2008) varied depending on the combination of rootstock and graft as already evidenced (Tomaz et al, 2004).…”

“…The efficiency of absorption and utilization of N, P and S has been studied in plants of C. arabica grafted on C. canephora (Tomaz et al, 2009) and evaluated at 18 months of age. It was concluded that the use efficiency of N, P and S (Tomaz et al, 2009) and K, Ca and Mg (Tomaz et al, 2008) varied depending on the combination of rootstock and graft as already evidenced (Tomaz et al, 2004). The variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC-15 combined with rootstocks ES-26 and ES-23 showed higher use efficiency of N, P and Mg than ungrafted plants of Catuaí IAC-15.…”