Efficacy of Flat‐Top Hand‐Piece Using 980 nm Diode Laser Photobiomodulation on Socket Healing after Extraction: Split‐Mouth Experimental Model in Dogs

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) using 980 nm diode laser therapy (0.60 W, 0.77 W cm À2 , 36 J, 46 J cm À2 , 60 s) irradiated in continuous wave mode by flat-top hand-piece on socket healing in the maxilla and mandible. A split-mouth experimental design was performed on 6 dogs. The 3 rd premolar tooth was extracted from the maxilla and mandibles for both sides. The right-sided sockets were irradiated (PBM group), and the left-sided sockets were kept as control. Irradiation was done after extraction and at 48-h interval for 14 days. Both the buccal and lingual sides were irradiated to reach a total irradiation time of 120 s. Bone density was evaluated at 3, 4 and 5 weeks using cone beam computed tomography. We showed that maxillary sockets in the PBM group had higher bone density compared to control one at 3, 4, 5 weeks (P = 0.029, <0.001, <0.001), respectively. Mandibular sockets revealed no significant difference between PBM and control at 3 weeks (P = 0.347), while at 4 and 5 weeks PBM group showed higher bone density (P = 0.004, <0.001). In both groups, there was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in bone density by time which was higher in the PBM group. We concluded that PBM using a flat-top hand-piece of 980-nm improved the bone density of extraction sockets.

Photobiomodulation by Near-Infrared 980-nm Wavelengths Regulates Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation and Viability through the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 Pathway

“…Additionally, the data are strongly supported by a recent collaboration of our team with Abdel Hamid and co-workers [ 71 ], which improved the bone density of extraction sockets of skeletally mature mongrel dogs through irradiation of 980-nm and 46 J/cm 2 for 60 s in continuous wave mode for two weeks and by the hand-piece with flat-top profile.…”

Interaction between Laser Light and Osteoblasts: Photobiomodulation as a Trend in the Management of Socket Bone Preservation—A Review

“…Mozzati and collaborators [52,53], however, despite an adequate experimental approach, examined the effect only a few days after surgery and the therapy administered by Kucerova et al [68] used 670 and 632.8 nm as the therapeutic wavelengths. Indeed, longer time windows (from 40 days to 4 months) allowed researchers to observe the new bone formation and bone density improvement [62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. In particular, in accordance with Schropp [9], studies with at least 8 weeks of follow-up could better describe the effect of PBM on bone healing and its possible resorption.…”

“…On the topic of our review, among the 17 papers taken into account, nine were performed using animal models [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. However, the animals investigated were prevalently rats [54][55][56][57][58][59] and in two cases, rabbits [60,61]; a dog model was surprisingly employed only in one recent work [62].…”

“…For these reasons, only the work on dog models [62] is of particular interest and suggest a clinical investigation with those parameters.…”

“…Additionally, therapy parameters were clearly described and measured by a power meter. Essentially, the bone density of extraction sockets, evaluated at 3-, 4-, and 5-weeks using cone-beam computed tomography, improved by irradiation with 980 nm diode-laser (0.60 W, 0.77 W/cm 2 , 36 J, 46 J/cm 2 , 60 s) in a continuous-wave mode [62]; both the buccal and lingual sides were irradiated to reach a total irradiation time of 120 s. In vivo animal work seem, therefore, to indicate the effectiveness of the wavelength of 980 nm, despite the parameters used in rat and dog studies being pretty far apart.…”