“…Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that compounds identified and isolated from AS have a variety of pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunostimulatory, hormone-regulation, anti-hepatotoxic, neuroprotective, antiaging and anti-cardiovascular diseases effects (Ooi and Liu, 2000;Chao and Lin, 2011). AS can be used alone, but is more often prescribed in combination with other medicines in a formulation, such as Siwu (SW) (Hu and Guo, 2017;Feng and Shi, 2019) and Danggui buxue (DGBX) decoration (Lin et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2017). For example, SW consists of four medicines: (1) AS, (2) Chuanxiong [CX, Conioselinum anthriscoides 'Chuanxiong' (Apiaceae)], (3) Baishao [BS, Paeonia lactiflora Pall.…”