Effects of wild or mutated inoculants on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to confirm the effects of new inoculants producing-antifungal or esterase substances on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices by comparing wild with mutated types.Methods: Rye harvested at dough stage was ensiled into 3 L mini bucket silo (1 kg) for 90 d in triplicate following: distilled water at 20 μL/g (CON); <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> 100D8 (AT) and its inactivation of antifungal genes (AT-m) at 1.2×10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g, respectively; and <i>Leuconostoc holzapfelii</i> 5H4 (FD) and its inactivation of esterase genes (FD-est) at 1.0×10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g, respectively. After silo opened, silage was sub-sampled for the analysis of ensiling quality and its rumen fermentation indices.Results: Among the wild type inoculants (CON vs AT vs FD), FD inoculant had higher (p<0.05) <i>in vitro</i> digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in rumen, while AT inoculant had higher (p<0.05) lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria in silage. Silage pH and the potentially degradable fraction in rumen increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of antifungal activity (AT vs AT-m), but lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria of silage decreased (p<0.05). In silage, acetate increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of esterase activity (FD vs FD-est) with decreases (p<0.05) of pH, ammonia-N, lactate, and yeast. Moreover, inactivation of esterase activity clearly decreased (p<0.05) <i>in vitro</i> digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen.Conclusion: This study concluded that FD inoculant confirmed esterase activity on rye silage harvested at dough stage, while AT inoculant could not be confirmed with antifungal activity due to the absence of mold in all silages.

Effects of Wormwood (Artemisia montana) Essential Oils on Digestibility, Fermentation Indices, and Microbial Diversity in the Rumen

“…Application of IN and SA had no effects on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility of SBM substrate but increased IVDMD of BGH substrate. Ruminal pH and total SCFA concentration in the present study were similar to the previous studies [ 13 , 23 , 24 ]. The GA decreased total SCFA concentration resulting from the fermentation of both substrates and decreased also IVDNDF of the BGH substrate.…”

“…Carbon dioxide gas was flushed into each incubation bottle continuously to maintain anaerobic conditions. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate along with three blanks and incubated at 39 °C for 72 h [ 13 ].…”

Application of lactic acid bacteria producing antifungal substance and carboxylesterase on whole crop rice silage with different dry matter

“…The WCR before and after ensiling were sub-sampled at 500 g, respectively, to analyses chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. Also, 20 g of ensiled WCR was sub-sampled and blended with 200 mL of sterile ultrapure water for 30 sec, and then filtered through two layers of cheesecloth to make silage extraction [3][4][5]. The fresh silage extraction was used to analyze pH and microbial counts.…”

“…Silage extract (first dilution) was continued in several dilutions (10 -3 [3][4][5]. Visible colonies were counted from the plates and the number of cfu was expressed per gram of silage.…”

“…The rumen microbes are capable to produce cellulase or hemicellulase, but they released limited enzymes to breakdown the lignocellulose [2]. The previous investigations revealed that several strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could produce antifungal substances to inhibit the growth undesirable microbes [3][4][5] and carboxylesterase to break down the lignincellulose [1,4,5]. However, the ability of LAB to produce antifungal or carboxylesterase activities during ensiling were depended on strains and substrate sources [1,6].…”