Application of lactic acid bacteria producing antifungal substance and carboxylesterase on whole crop rice silage with different dry matter

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate effects of antifungal substance and carboxylesterase-producing inoculant on fermentation indices and rumen degradation kinetics of whole crop rice (WCR) silage ensiled at different dry matter (DM) contents. Methods: Dual-purpose inoculants, Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and L. buchneri 6M1, confirmed both activities of antifungal and carboxylesterase in the previous study. The WCR at mature stage was chopped, and then wilted to obtain three different DM contents consisting of 35.4%, 43.6%, and 51.5%. All WCR forages were applied distilled water (CON) or mixed inoculants with 1:1 ratio at 1 × 10 5 cfu/g (INO), and ensiled into 20 L mini silo (5 kg) in quadruplicates for 108 d. Results: The INO silages had lower lactate (p<0.001) and butyrate (p=0.022) with higher acetate (p<0.001) and propionate (p<0.001) than those of CON silages. Ammonia-N (p<0.001), lactate (tendency; p=0.068), acetate (p=0.030), and butyrate (p<0.001) concentrations of INO silages decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage. The INO silages presented higher lactic acid bacteria (p<0.001) with lower molds (p<0.001) than those of CON silages. Yeasts (p=0.042) and molds (p=0.046) of WCR silages decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage. In the rumen, INO silages had higher the total degradable fraction (p<0.001), total volatile fatty acid (tendency; p=0.097), and acetate (p=0.007), but lower the fraction degradation rate (p<0.011) and propionate (p<0.001) than those of CON silage. The total A c c e p t e d A r t i c l e degradable fraction (p<0.001), total volatile fatty acid (p<0.001), iso-butyrate (p=0.036), and valerate (p=0.008) decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage, while the lag phase (p<0.001) was increased linearly. Conclusion: This study concluded that application of dual-purpose inoculants on WCR silage confirmed antifungal and carboxylesterase activities by inhibiting mold and improving rumen digestibility, while increase of wilting times decreased organic acids production and rumen digestibility.

Effect of cassava pulp treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14, urea, and molasses on gas kinetics, rumen fermentation, and degradability using the in vitro gas technique

“…Consequently, to feed the microbes in the rumen the carbs that they need to rapidly convert to pyruvate, which they will use to make acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4) [ 56 ]. Similar to Lee et al [ 57 ], who discovered that whole-crop rice (WCR)-inoculated LAB had higher total VFA and C2 concentrations but lower C3 concentrations than control fermented feed. Because WCR fermentation is mostly structural carbohydrates, a high C2 content indicates strong rumen digestion.…”

Chemical Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Different Proportions of Fermented Poultry Manure and Sheep Feces as Unconventional Feed

“…The microbial characteristics were determined using the total plate count (TPC) to determine the populations of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, molds, and Escherichia coli. The TPC procedure followed the methods outlined by Lee et al (2021). The media used for TPC included Lactobacilli Man Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) for cultivating LAB, while potato dextrose agar (PDA; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) was used for cultivating yeast and mold.…”

Antifungal and carboxylesterase-producing bacteria applied into corn silage still affected the fermented total mixed ration

“…Several strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were reported to release specific metabolite products, such as antifungal substances [ 10 ] or fibrolytic enzymes [ 11 , 12 ]. In silage application, antifungal-producing LAB have been shown to decrease the contamination of undesirable microbes [ 10 , 13 , 14 ], while carboxylesterase-producing LAB could increase the nutrient digestibility [ 11 , 12 , 14 ]. Mainly in roughages, lignocellulose is the limiting factor of digestibility due to the limitation of lignocellulose degrading enzymes in the rumen [ 8 ].…”