Since the first demonstration of prototype Li batteries (TiS 2 /Li) in 1976, [1] the develo pment of LIBs to date has been strongly affected by safety issues. One of the major technical breakthroughs for the commer cialization of LIBs was the replacement of Li metal with carbonaceous materials as the anode. [2][3][4] It is well known that the use of Li metal was challenged by serious safety concerns associated with internal short circuit by the dendritic growth of Li metal. [5][6][7] The everrising requirements for higher energy density of LIBs have raised more serious safety concerns. Raising the upper cutoff voltages leads to poorer sta bility at electrode-electrolyte interfaces. [8,9] Ultrathinning the polymeric separators to less than 10 µm, despite the reinforce ments using ceramic materials, [10][11][12] result in more vulnerability toward internal short circuits. These may also be related to degassing, fire, and explosion accidents of LIBs in recent years. Further more, largescale applications of LIBs, such as batterydriven electric vehicles and gridscale energy storages, face unprecedented challenges in terms of safety requirements. [13][14][15] In this regard, solidification of conventional flammable organic liquid electrolytes with inorganic materials, such as superionic conductor solid electrolytes (SEs), is an ideal solution. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Another strong motivation in the development of SEs is to unleash the harness of limited energy density for con ventional LIBs by using SEs to stabilize and enable alternative highcapacity electrode materials, such as Li metal anode and sulfur cathode. [15,23] Additionally, the design of allsolidstate Li or Liion batteries (ALSBs) by stacking bipolar electrodes allows the minimization of inactive encasing materials, thereby increasing celllevel energy density. [22,26] The first superionic conductors PbF 2 and Ag 2 S were discov ered by Michael Faraday in 1838. [27] Since then, several notable progresses in the field of solidstate superionic conductors and their newly enabled electrochemical devices had occurred; [27] the development of oxygenion conductors (Ydoped ZrO 2 ) applied to solid oxide fuel cells, the discoveries of Ag + superionic conduc tors (e.g., RbAg 4 I 5 ), and the development of Naion conducting sodium beta alumina (β″Al 2 O 3 ). Currently, it is a promi sing opportunity for Liion SEs to revolutionize LIB technologies Owing to the ever-increasing safety concerns about conventional lithium-ion batteries, whose applications have expanded to include electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, batteries with solidified electrolytes that utilize nonflammable inorganic materials are attracting considerable attention. In particular, owing to their superionic conductivities (as high as ≈10 −2 S cm −1 ) and deformability, sulfide materials as the solid electrolytes (SEs) are considered the enabling material for high-energy bulk-type all-solid-state batteries. Herein the authors provide a brief review on recent progress in sulf...

Bulk-type all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASLBs) have the potential to be superior to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of safety and energy density. Sulfide SE materials are key to the development of bulk-type ASLBs because of their high ionic conductivity (max of ∼10 S cm) and deformability. However, the severe reactivity of sulfide materials toward common polar solvents and the particulate nature of these electrolytes pose serious complications for the wet-slurry process used to fabricate ASLB electrodes, such as the availability of solvent and polymeric binders and the formation of ionic contacts and networks. In this work, we report a new scalable fabrication protocol for ASLB electrodes using conventional composite LIB electrodes and homogeneous SE solutions (LiPSCl (LPSCl) in ethanol or 0.4LiI-0.6LiSnS in methanol). The liquefied LPSCl is infiltrated into the tortuous porous structures of LIB electrodes and solidified, providing intimate ionic contacts and favorable ionic percolation. The LPSCl-infiltrated LiCoO and graphite electrodes show high reversible capacities (141 and 364 mA h g) at 0.14 mA cm (0.1 C) and 30 °C, which are not only superior to those for conventional dry-mixed and slurry-mixed ASLB electrodes but also comparable to those for liquid electrolyte cells. Good electrochemical performance of ASLBs employing the LPSCl-infiltrated LiCoO and graphite electrodes at 100 °C is also presented, highlighting the excellent thermal stability and safety of ASLBs.

Transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) transcription factors play important roles during development, cell proliferation, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. TEAD integrates with and coordinates various signal transduction pathways including Hippo, Wnt, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways. TEAD deregulation affects well-established cancer genes such as KRAS, BRAF, LKB1, NF2, and MYC, and its transcriptional output plays an important role in tumor progression, metastasis, cancer metabolism, immunity, and drug resistance. To date, TEADs have been recognized to be key transcription factors of the Hippo pathway. Therefore, most studies are focused on the Hippo kinases and YAP/TAZ, whereas the Hippo-dependent and Hippo-independent regulators and regulations governing TEAD only emerged recently. Deregulation of the TEAD transcriptional output plays important roles in tumor progression and serves as a prognostic biomarker due to high correlation with clinicopathological parameters in human malignancies. In addition, discovering the molecular mechanisms of TEAD, such as post-translational modifications and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, represents an important means of modulating TEAD transcriptional activity. Collectively, this review highlights the role of TEAD in multistep-tumorigenesis by interacting with upstream oncogenic signaling pathways and controlling downstream target genes, which provides unprecedented insight and rationale into developing TEAD-targeted anticancer therapeutics.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Although resting B cells are known for being poorly immunogenic and for inducing T-cell tolerance, we have here attempted to test whether their immunogenicity could be enhanced by CD1d-restricted invariant T cells (iNKT) to a point where they could be used in cellular vaccines. We found that the addition of the iNKT ligand A-galactosylceramide (AGalCer) to peptide-loaded B cells overcame peptide-specific T-cell unresponsiveness and allowed for the generation of peptide-specific memory CTL immunity. This CTL was induced independently of CD4 T and natural killer cells but required iNKT and CD8 T cells. B cells directly primed CTL, and the AGalCer and the peptide must be presented on the same cell. Importantly, our B-cell-based vaccine is comparable in efficiency with dendritic cell-based vaccines, inducing similar CTL responses as well as providing an effective regimen for preventing and suppressing s.c. and metastatic tumors. Therefore, with the help of iNKT, peptide-pulsed B cells can establish long-lasting antitumor immunity and so show promise as the basis for an alternative cell-based vaccine.