Effects of simultaneous nicotine and alcohol use in periodontitis progression in rats: a histomorphometric study.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol and nicotine, when used alone or simultaneously, on the alveolar bone loss area resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Study design: Forty adult male rats received a cotton ligature in the first lower molar sulcular area, and the animals were randomly assigned to different treatments (n = 10, each group) including daily peritoneal injections of saline solution (group A), submitted to self-administration of alcohol 25% (group B), nicotine solution in concentration 0.19 μl/ml (group C), and nicotine solution in concentration 0.19 μl/ml plus self-administration of alcohol 25% (group D). Five weeks later, the animals were sacrificed, and the samples were routinely processed for semi-serial decalcified sections. Results: Ligated teeth showed more alveolar bone loss than unligated ones (p < 0.05). Unligated teeth showed no significant differences between each other (p > 0.05). Analyses between the ligated teeth showed that the group C (nicotine) or group B (alcohol 25%) each had increasing alveolar bone loss in the furcation area, and the simultaneous combination alcohol and nicotine (group D) intensified these effects (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the simultaneous combination of alcohol and nicotine have a synergistic effect in the progression of periodontitis, evidenced by increased furcation region bone destruction in periodontal disease in rats. Key words:Alveolar bone loss, periodontitis, nicotine, alcohol, rats.

Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Clinical Attachment Loss Progression in an Urban Population From South Brazil: A 5‐Year Longitudinal Study

“…6,23 Impaired host response and high levels of inflammatory biomarkers have been shown to have a detrimental effect on periodontal Animal studies have demonstrated significantly higher alveolar bone loss after exposure to alcohol. [24][25][26][27] These studies showed increased expression of inflammatory markers in the periodontal tissues, including prostaglandin E2, 24 TNF-a, 28 and IL-1b, 25 as well as significant changes in the expression of bone biomarkers in alveolar bone, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand, and osteoprotegerin. 26 It is noteworthy that other rodent studies have failed to show detrimental effects of alcohol consumption on periodontal tissues.…”

“…Impaired host response and high levels of inflammatory biomarkers have been shown to have a detrimental effect on periodontal health; however, the specific biologic mechanisms and causal chain by which alcohol consumption may affect periodontal tissues have not been clarified yet. Animal studies have demonstrated significantly higher alveolar bone loss after exposure to alcohol 24‐27 . These studies showed increased expression of inflammatory markers in the periodontal tissues, including prostaglandin E2, 24 TNF‐α, 28 and IL‐1β, 25 as well as significant changes in the expression of bone biomarkers in alveolar bone, including tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand, and osteoprotegerin 26 .…”

Effects of alcohol intake in periodontitis progression in female rats: a histometric study

“…However, more recent studies on humans have shown no relation between periodontal disease and alcohol consumption [6][7] . The use of rat models has been applied in the evaluation of periodontal pathogenesis 8 and regarding the influence of risk indicator/factors, such as estrogen deficiency [9][10] , alcohol consumption [11][12][13][14][15][16] , nicotine 17 and simultaneous nicotine and alcohol use 18 on disease progression.…”

Synergistic effect of photodynamic therapy and alendronate on alveolar bone loss in rats with ligature‐induced periodontitis

“…The ligature was knotted on the buccal side. Periodontitis progression time was 7 days before starting the various treatments …”