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Alcohol consumption is a risk indicator for periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to morphometrically evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption on alveolar bone level associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Thirty-six female rats (Wistar, 120 days-old) were randomly divided into three groups that received a daily administration of a water diet (control, n = 12), a 10% alcohol diet (10% ethanol, n = 12) or a 20% alcohol diet (20% ethanol, n = 12). Four weeks after the onset of the experiment, cotton ligatures were placed around the cervix of the upper right second molar in six rats. The other 6 rats in each group remained unligated. The rats were sacrificed four weeks after ligature placement. The maxillary bones were removed and alveolar bone loss was analyzed by measuring the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest at 2 buccal and 2 palatal sites on the upper right second molar. Analyses between the ligated and unligated groups showed that the presence of ligature induced alveolar bone loss (p < 0.05). Unligated groups showed no significant differences between each other (p > 0.05). In the ligated groups, rats receiving 20% ethanol showed significantly greater bone loss compared to control rats or rats receiving 10% ethanol. These results demonstrate that alcohol consumption may increase alveolar bone loss in female rats in a dosedependent manner.

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of simvastatin on guided bone regeneration in the mandibles of ovariectomized rats, and to observe their blood cholesterol levels. Seventy female rats were divided into two groups: control and treated, both groups containing normal and ovariectomized rats. A month after ovariectomy a bone defect was created in the mandible, and was covered by a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The treated groups received simvastatin orally for 15 or 30 days. The rats were sacrificed 15, 30 or 60 days after surgery, at which time a blood sample was extracted for blood cholesterol level analysis and the mandible was extracted for densitometric, histological and morphometric analysis. All specimens underwent analysis of variance. The ovariectomized animals had higher cholesterol levels than the treated normal animals, and no significant difference was found between the different treatment periods and the sacrifice times. The densitometric, histological and morphometric analysis showed that the treated ovariectomized animals developed more new bone than the control ovariectomized rats, but no significant difference was observed between the treatment periods. It can be concluded that the deficiency of estrogen increased the level of blood cholesterol and that the simvastatin aided new bone formation in the ovariectomized animals. (J. Oral Sci. 44, 117-124, 2002)

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the alcohol consumption on the periodontal bone support (PBS) in experimental periodontitis in rats.Materials and Methods:Sixty-three male rats were divided into seven groups: G1 (control); G2 (10% ethanol); G3 (nutritional control of G2); G4 (20% ethanol); G5 (nutritional control of G4); G6 (30% ethanol) and G7 (nutritional control of G6). The groups G3, G5 and G7 received controlled diets with equivalent caloric amounts to those consumed in G2, G4 and G6 respectively, with the ethanol replaced by sucrose. After anesthesia, ligatures were installed around the mandibular first molar, leaving the contralateral teeth unligated. After 8 weeks, the rats were killed and their mandibles were radiographed to measure the percentage of PBS on the distal aspect.Results:The intragroup analyses showed that presence of ligatures induced periodontitis (p<0.05). Unligated groups did not show significant differences among the percentages of PBS (p=0.1969). However, in ligated groups the rats that received alcohol (G2:48.71%±3.88; G4:47.66%±2.54; G6:47.32%±3.24) and the nutritional control group associated with a high concentration of ethanol (G7:47.40%±3.24) presented a significantly lower percentage of PBS than the other groups (G1:52.40%±2.75; G3:52.83%±2.41; G5:50.85%±4.14).Conclusions:These results demonstrated that alcohol consumption in rats may result in a direct effect on alveolar bone loss and increased development of periodontitis. In addition, they suggest that heavy caloric consumption of ethanol may also present an indirect effect on periodontal tissue as a consequence of malnutrition.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a prática do exercício físico (natação), iniciada em diferentes momentos da prenhez de ratas diabéticas, promove alterações no metabolismo materno. Após confirmação do diabete, induzido por Streptozotocin, ratas Wistar foram acasaladas e randomizadas em três grupos (n = 13 ratas/grupo): não-praticante (G1) ou praticante de exercício desde o dia zero (G2) ou sétimo dia (G3) de prenhez. O exercício consistiu de um programa de natação com intensidade moderada. Durante a prenhez, glicemia e peso corpóreo foram avaliados semanalmente. No final da prenhez, as ratas foram anestesiadas e dessangradas para obtenção de amostras de sangue para determinação de proteínas totais, triglicérides, colesterol total e VLDL-colesterol. Fígado e músculo foram coletados para dosagem de glicogênio hepático e muscular, respectivamente. Independente do momento em que foi iniciado, o exercício não alterou os níveis glicêmicos, a evolução do peso corpóreo e as concentrações de proteínas totais e glicogênio hepático e muscular. Porém, a natação iniciada no sétimo dia de prenhez diminuiu as taxas de triglicérides (G1 = 369,10 ± 31,91mg/dL; G2 = 343,32 ± 162,12mg/dL; G3 = 212,35 ± 70,32mg/dL), colesterol total (G1 = 176,48 ± 28,25mg/dL; G2 = 141,33 ± 19,77mg/dL; G3 = 129,86 ± 33,16mg/dL) e VLDL (G1 = 64,92 ± 24,41mg/dL; G2 = 63,54 ± 28,31mg/dL; G3 = 42,53 ± 14,12mg/dL) comparando com o grupo G1. Apesar de não se comprovar a influência do exercício físico sobre os níveis glicêmicos maternos, a prática diária de natação a partir do sétimo dia de prenhez mostrou-se benéfica para o perfil lipídico de ratas diabéticas. Esse resultado reforça a validade da associação da atividade física regular à dieta e insulina na gestação complicada pelo diabete.