Effects of alcohol intake in periodontitis progression in female rats: a histometric study

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate histometrically the effect of low and high caloric value of ethanol on ligatureinduced bone loss in female rats. Methods: Sixty female rats were divided into five groups of 12 animals each: Normal Control (water), Test A (low ethanol), Control A (low iso), Test B (high ethanol) and Control B (high iso). Control Groups A and B received diets with the same amount of calories consumed by Test Groups A and B, respectively, with ethanol replaced by isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate. Four weeks prior to the end of the experimental period, half of the rats in each group were randomly assigned to receive a ligature on mandibular molar, whereas the other half of group was left unligated. At 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the specimens were processed to obtain decalcified sections. The area of periodontal ligament and/or bone loss in the furcation region of the first molars was histometrically measured in five sections per specimen (mm²). Results: Ethanol intake did not have effect on the alveolar bone loss in unligated teeth (p>0.05). However, in ligature-induced periodontitis, high value of calories associated with ethanol feeding enhanced the area of bone loss (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that a low-ethanol diet did not affect the periodontium, while a high-ethanol diet may aggravate the progression of periodontitis, as demonstrated by the increased furcation region bone destruction in periodontal disease.

Chronic consumption of alcohol increases alveolar bone loss

“…However, the concentration used in their study (5%) is considered low and was below the lowest concentration used in our study (14%). Our data corroborate previous studies that used concentrations ranging from 10% to 30% and found that chronic alcohol consumption caused alveolar bone loss and decreased bone density in animals with EP [ 35 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Chronic consumption of alcohol increase alveolar bone loss

“…However, the concentration used in their study (5%) is considered low and was below the lowest concentration used in our study (14%). Our data corroborate previous studies that used concentrations ranging from 10% to 30% and found that chronic alcohol consumption caused alveolar bone loss and decreased bone density in animals with EP [35,45,46].…”

Alveolar bone loss induced by high alcohol consumption in rats

“…[7,19], and histologic [12] or histometric [9] analyses applied to jaws. However, the morphometric methods adopted to assess alveolar bone level are not capable of detecting intra-osseous defects.…”

“…Heavy drinking episodes are associated with detrimental consequences, even when the mean alcohol consumption level is relatively low [1]. Some studies [9,10,18,19,[21][22][23][24] showed that alcohol intake itself might not be capable of causing bone loss in rats' periodontium. On the other hand, other studies [25,26] recorded that chronic alcohol drinking itself may cause bone loss in rats.…”

“…The influence of risk/indicator factors, such as diabetes [7], obesity induction [8], alcohol consumption [9,10], estrogen deficiency [11] and alcohol intake are associated with estrogen deficiency [12], which leads to periodontium alterations.…”