Effects of simulated high altitude on event-related potential (P300) and auditory brain-stem responses

Hayashi, Ryoichi; Matsuzawa, Y.; Kubo, Keishi; Kobayashi, Toshio

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.02.020

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…First, the attentional impairment caused by exposure to high altitudes has been found in behavioral tests of visual attention (e.g., the digit symbol substitution test and visual search task) 9,10 , with slowed reaction times at higher altitudes. Second, previous studies have provided neuroimaging and electrophysiological evidence of the impact of high altitude exposure on the human brain [11][12][13] . In the neuroimaging study, brain areas related to attention processing-including the occipital lobe, parietal lobe, sensory-perceptual regions and frontoparietal attentional networks-were found to be affected by high altitude exposure 13,14 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the neuroimaging study, brain areas related to attention processing-including the occipital lobe, parietal lobe, sensory-perceptual regions and frontoparietal attentional networks-were found to be affected by high altitude exposure 13,14 . In the electrophysiological study, the parietal distributed P3, which is crucially involved in maintaining attention, was the event-related potential (ERP) component most significantly affected by hypoxia 11,15 . Specifically, smaller and later P3 component responses have been reported for participants at high altitude than in those at the low altitudes, suggesting that cognitive abilities are sensitive to high altitude 11,16,17 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the electrophysiological study, the parietal distributed P3, which is crucially involved in maintaining attention, was the event-related potential (ERP) component most significantly affected by hypoxia 11,15 . Specifically, smaller and later P3 component responses have been reported for participants at high altitude than in those at the low altitudes, suggesting that cognitive abilities are sensitive to high altitude 11,16,17 . Third, based on the influence of altitude on the occipital and parietal cortices, the so-called ''where pathway'' could be affected, indicating that spatial attention abilities are influenced by high altitude exposure.…”

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Long-Term Exposure to High Altitude Affects Voluntary Spatial Attention at Early and Late Processing Stages

Wang

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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The neurocognitive basis of the effect of long-term high altitude exposure on voluntary attention is unclear. Using event related potentials, the high altitude group (people born in low altitude but who had lived at high altitude for 3 years) and the low altitude group (living in low altitude only) were investigated using a voluntary spatial attention discrimination task under high and low perceptual load conditions. The high altitude group responded slower than the low altitude group, while bilateral N1 activity was found only in the high altitude group. The P3 amplitude was smaller in the high altitude compared to the low altitude group only under high perceptual load. These results suggest that long-term exposure to high altitudes causes hemispheric compensation during discrimination processes at early processing stages and reduces attentional resources at late processing stages. In addition, the effect of altitude during the late stage is affected by perceptual load. More than 140 million people live permanently at high altitudes (.2,500 m above sea level) in North, Central, and South America, East Africa, and Asia 1 . As of 2006, approximately 12 million people live permanently on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and 71.14% of them live between 2,500 to 4,500 m. In addition, hundreds of thousands of people travel from lowland China to the Tibetan plateau every year; about 6 million Han lowland immigrants now live there permanently 2,3 . The largest and most important impact of living in a high altitude is hypoxia, which is caused by a reduction of oxygen in the air, and affects cognition. Sustained exposure to high altitude leads to cognitive decrement, such as impairment in attention, memory, judgment, and emotion 4 . Research has demonstrated that cognitive impairment due to altitude starts at 2,500 m above sea level [5][6][7] , because brain vulnerability to hypoxia increases beginning at 2,500 m 8 . Spatial attention may be particularly affected by high altitude exposure. First, the attentional impairment caused by exposure to high altitudes has been found in behavioral tests of visual attention (e.g., the digit symbol substitution test and visual search task) 9,10 , with slowed reaction times at higher altitudes. Second, previous studies have provided neuroimaging and electrophysiological evidence of the impact of high altitude exposure on the human brain [11][12][13] . In the neuroimaging study, brain areas related to attention processing-including the occipital lobe, parietal lobe, sensory-perceptual regions and frontoparietal attentional networks-were found to be affected by high altitude exposure 13,14 . In the electrophysiological study, the parietal distributed P3, which is crucially involved in maintaining attention, was the event-related potential (ERP) component most significantly affected by hypoxia 11,15 . Specifically, smaller and later P3 component responses have been reported for participants at high altitude than in those at the low altitudes, suggesting that cognitive abilities are sensitiv...

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Long-Term Exposure to High Altitude Affects Voluntary Spatial Attention at Early and Late Processing Stages

Wang

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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“…Event related potential components P300 and N200 are even considered as the indexes of sensory speed and cognitive performance, which enables direct examination of mental operations ranging from cognitive processing to performance monitoring (Hayashi, 2000). Previous studies have proved that acute exposure to a hypoxic condition via fast altitude gain or hypobaric hypoxia led to the prolonged ERP latencies, particularly for the P300 (Hayashi, Matsuzawa, Kubo, & Kobayashi, 2005; Singh et al., 2003). Our data showed that the 4,000 m high altitude also increased the latencies of P300 and N200.…”

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Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation reduces cognitive injury at high altitude

Shi

Xiong

et al. 2017

Brain and Behavior

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BackgroundCognitive impairment is common in people travelling to high altitude. Oxiracetam and electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus may have beneficial impacts. This study was to investigate the effects of preconditioning with Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) on cognitive decline following the ascension to high altitude.MethodsThe study was conducted on 60 male military voluntary members who were divided into control group, Oxiracetam group, and fastigial nucleus stimulation group. Transcranial doppler sonography, auditory evoked potential, electroencephalogram (EEG), and cognitive assessments were performed.ResultsPeople could still suffer cognitive dysfunction at 4,000 m high altitude despite that they have lived at 1,800 m altitude for several years. The 4,000 m altitude environment also prolonged P300 and N200 latencies. Both Oxiracetam and FNS improved cognitive function, reduced the prolonged latencies of Event Related Potentials (P300 and N200), decreased the average velocity of brain arteries, and enhanced EEG power spectral entropy at 4,000 m altitude.ConclusionsNeurophysiological evidences suggest the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairments. Both Oxiracetam and FNS can reduce cognitive decline post arrival at high altitude. They could be a potential pretreatment method for cognitive dysfunction resulted from high altitude.

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“…Prejuízos no tempo de reação também têm sido observados em baixas altitudes, como a 1.500m 41 , embora as mais consistentes anormalidades sejam encontradas acima de 6.000m 26 . Neste sentido, tanto em altas quanto em baixas altitudes os atrasos no tempo de reação podem refletir alterações importantes no processamento sensório-perceptual [42][43][44] . Portanto, este fenômeno pode resultar especificamente dos efeitos crônicos da hipóxia ou de outras variáveis atreladas ao percurso natural de grandes altitudes, como perturbações emocionais inerentes a estas condições, ausência de estímulos externos e exaustão física 45 .…”

Section: Efeitos Da Exposição Crônica à Hipóxia Sobre Aspectos Neuropunclassified

Efeitos da exposição à altitude sobre os aspectos neuropsicológicos: uma revisão da literatura

Lemos

Antunes

Santos

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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ResumoObjetivo: Discutir os efeitos da exposição à altitude sobre as funções neuropsicológicas. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura usando como fonte de pesquisa artigos indexados no Pubmed, no período de 1921 a 2008, utilizando as palavras-chave "cognition and hypoxia", "hypoxia and neuropsychology", "acute hypoxia", "chronic hypoxia" e "acclimatization and hypoxia", além de livros específicos do assunto. Discussão: Os efeitos agudos e crônicos da hipóxia podem alterar inúmeras funções neuropsicológicas em diferentes altitudes, decorrentes de alterações fisiológicas que resultam da diminuição parcial de oxigênio (O 2 ), que podem levar as alterações neuropsicológicas, como atenção, memória, tomada de decisão e demais funções executivas, em indivíduos expostos a grandes altitudes. Conclusão: Indivíduos que se expõem às grandes altitudes devem utilizar suplementação de O 2 e prática de aclimatização, entre outras estratégias para minimizar os efeitos negativos da hipóxia nos aspectos neuropsicológicos. Descritores IntroduçãoAtualmente, há uma grande procura por práticas de atividades físicas relacionadas à altitude, como caminhada, montanhismo e esqui, no Brasil e em diversos outros países. Além disso, passeios e estadias em altitudes elevadas por períodos curtos ou prolongados a trabalho também são muito praticados 1,2 . A elevação da altitude faz com que a pressão barométrica em relação ao nível do mar diminua, resultando em uma redução da pressão parcial de oxigênio (O 2 ) para o organismo (sangue e tecidos corporais) 3 . A esta diminuição da parcialidade da oferta de O 2 denomina-se hipóxia, responsável por respostas às grandes altitudes 4 . Portanto, de modo geral, os efeitos agudos e crônicos da hipóxia podem acarretar no ser humano alterações fisiológicas e também cerebrais.

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Effects of simulated high altitude on event-related potential (P300) and auditory brain-stem responses

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Long-Term Exposure to High Altitude Affects Voluntary Spatial Attention at Early and Late Processing Stages

Long-Term Exposure to High Altitude Affects Voluntary Spatial Attention at Early and Late Processing Stages

Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation reduces cognitive injury at high altitude

Efeitos da exposição à altitude sobre os aspectos neuropsicológicos: uma revisão da literatura

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