Effects of Quality and Quantity of Protein Intake for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Metabolic Control

Lombardo, Mauro; Bellia, Chiara; Moletto, Cristian; Aulisa, Giovanni; Padua, Elvira; Della-Morte, David; Caprio, Massimiliano; Bellia, Alfonso

doi:10.1007/s13668-020-00324-2

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These assumptions could open a new scenario on TMAO as a marker associated with the intake of fish and meats. Thus, as we have shown in a previous review, higher intake of animal protein might be related to an increased risk of T2DM and CVD [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods

Lombardo

Aulisa²,

Marcon³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Introduction: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may play a key mediator role in the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in people with kidney failure. The aim of this review is to evaluate which foods have a greater influence on blood or urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels. Methods: 391 language articles were screened, and 27 were analysed and summarized for this review, using the keywords “TMAO” AND “egg” OR “meat” OR “fish” OR “dairy” OR “vegetables” OR “fruit” OR “food” in December 2020. Results: A strong correlation between TMAO and fish consumption, mainly saltwater fish and shellfish, but not freshwater fish, has been demonstrated. Associations of the consumption of eggs, dairy and meat with TMAO are less clear and may depend on other factors such as microbiota or cooking methods. Plant-based foods do not seem to influence TMAO but have been less investigated. Discussion: Consumption of saltwater fish, dark meat fish and shellfish seems to be associated with an increase in urine or plasma TMAO values. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increased risk of cardiovascular disease and plasma levels of TMAO due to fish consumption. Interventions coupled with long-term dietary patterns targeting the gut microbiota seem promising.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods

Lombardo

Aulisa²,

Marcon³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Other papers support the beneficial effect of a MD, which is rich in legumes, fiber, and monounsaturated fat, for weight loss [28,29]. This advantage would add to the other positive effects of consuming this type of protein in menopause, such as decreasing bone loss and risk of hip fracture [30], improving insulin sensibility [31,32] and decreasing cardiovascular disease risk [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Losing Weight after Menopause with Minimal Aerobic Training and Mediterranean Diet

Lombardo

Perrone

Guseva³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Objective: It is a common belief that menopausal women have greater difficulty losing weight. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet (MD) to promote weight loss in postmenopausal women. All participants were prescribed a hypocaloric traditional MD, tailored to the individual. Subjects were asked not to begin any kind of physical activity. Body composition was measured at the beginning and after 8 weeks of treatment. In total, 89 women (age 52.8 ± 4.5 years, BMI 30.0 ± 5.2 kg/m2, fat mass 31.6 ± 10.5 kg) were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of fertile women over 45 years of age, the second group consisted of those diagnosed as menopausal. All women had an improvement in body composition (fat mass −2.3 ± 2.1 kg, p < 0.001; protein −0.1 ± 0.7 kg, p = 0.190) and blood pressure values. No differences were found between the two groups except for a higher reduction of low-density lipoprotein in the menopausal group (p = 0.035). A positive significant correlation between plant to animal protein ratio and fat-free mass variation was found in the menopausal group. These data suggest that a high adherence to a traditional MD would enable menopausal women to lose fat mass and maintain muscle mass with no significant difference to younger women. Fat mass reduction provides menopausal women with improved cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.

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“…As a pro-oxidant element, iron, namely heme iron, may catalyze certain cellular pathways that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus leading to damage in cellular tissues including pancreatic B-cells. The reduction in reserves of iron has been suggested to be one of the advantages of reducing the intake of animal protein, which is the major source of the bioavailable heme iron, in contrast to plant protein which contain the less bioavailable and harder to absorb form of iron [157]. Moreover, plant proteins are thought to be higher in L-arginine, an amino acid that was found to exert beneficial effects on clinical outcomes of diabetic patients in a number of long-term RCTs [154,158,159].…”

Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence

2021

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The alarmingly rising trend of type 2 diabetes constitutes a major global public health challenge particularly in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region where the prevalence is among the highest in the world with a projection to increase by 96% by 2045. The economic boom in the MENA region over the past decades has brought exceptionally rapid shifts in eating habits characterized by divergence from the traditional Mediterranean diet towards a more westernized unhealthy dietary pattern, thought to be leading to the dramatic rises in obesity and non-communicable diseases. Research efforts have brought a greater understanding of the different pathways through which diet and obesity may affect diabetes clinical outcomes, emphasizing the crucial role of dietary interventions and weight loss in the prevention and management of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanistic pathways linking obesity with diabetes and to summarize the most recent evidence on the association of the intake of different macronutrients and food groups with the risk of type 2 diabetes. We also summarize the most recent evidence on the effectiveness of different macronutrient manipulations in the prevention and management of diabetes while highlighting the possible underlying mechanisms of action and latest evidence-based recommendations. We finally discuss the need to adequately integrate dietetic services in diabetes care specific to the MENA region and conclude with recommendations to improve dietetic care for diabetes in the region.

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Effects of Quality and Quantity of Protein Intake for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Metabolic Control

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods

Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods

Losing Weight after Menopause with Minimal Aerobic Training and Mediterranean Diet

Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence

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