Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence

Hwalla, Nahla; Jaafar, Zeinab; Sawaya, Sally

doi:10.3390/nu13041060

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 205 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…In this context, it is important to emphasize that, in order to be most effective, nutritional guidelines need to be developed according to several specific factors, such as local cultural, ethnic and traditional features, and geographic and socioeconomic components, as well as to the availability of specific local food products [ 9 ]. Among these features, the geographical location (i.e., a specific country, different areas in a country, such as seaside or mountainside or plains far from both, and specific latitude and climate, including climate changes, as well as the related social features) appears to be a crucial factor that may affect to a large extent the actual applicability of the Mediterranean diet or some of its principles as well as the actual adherence to it [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. An additional dynamic component affecting personal nutritional choices, also regarding adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its principles, is the individual life-long trajectory of food preference and nutrition habits and awareness, including feeding behavior aspects [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, this aspect has been associated with local traditions and ethnic features and therefore remained rather stable over time within a specific population. However, over the last decades, due to the exponential diffusion of multiple communication media, the modifications of such traditional nutrition habits have been more frequent, leading to either a nutritional transition to unhealthy habits, especially in younger subjects [ 17 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] and in selected areas such as the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region [ 12 ], or a greater awareness of the health advantages of a good adherence to the Mediterranean diet, especially in middle/older age subjects, with improved nutrition patterns during their lifetime [ 23 ]. Thus, the epidemiological and experimental observations reporting adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its impact on health issues should also take into consideration another component: the time-related longitudinal changes within a specific population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Impact of Geographical Location of the Observations

et al. 2022

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The Mediterranean diet has emerged as a comprehensive lifestyle, including specific foods and meal composition and a set of behavioural and social features. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been shown to promote health and reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases. The actual implementation of the Mediterranean diet is affected by several sociocultural factors as well as geographical components. Indeed, the geographical location, such as a specific country or different areas in a country and specific latitude and climate, appears to be an important factor that may strongly affect the implementation of the Mediterranean diet or some of its principles as well as the adherence to it. Another dynamic component affecting personal nutritional choices, also regarding adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its principles, is the individual life-long trajectory of food preference and nutrition habits and awareness. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on the impact of geographical location on adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Impact of Geographical Location of the Observations

et al. 2022

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“…The prevalence of diabetes among individuals aged 25-65 was 8.4% in 2004 and increased to 13.2% in 2016, which was higher than the worldwide average projected by International Diabetes Federation for 2017(8.4%) [ 21 ]. Similar to other countries located in the MENA region, Iran has witness an increasing trend in recent years, contributed by different factors including genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, urbanization, and poor nutritional habits [ 22 , 23 ]. In line with the present study, the prevalence of diabetes in most similar national studies was reported to be increasing, ranging from 7.4 to 24.5% [ 24 – 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among Iranian population: results of four national cross-sectional STEPwise approach to surveillance surveys

et al. 2022

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Background Diabetes as a leading cause of death imposes a heavy burden on health systems worldwide. This study investigated the trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among Iranian population aged 25 to 65 years over 12 years (2004-2016). Methods Secondary data analysis was performed using data from a national population-based survey, STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in four rounds (2004, 2007, 2011, 2016). The sample sizes were 89,404, 29,991, 12,103 and 30,541 individuals, respectively across the country in both rural and urban areas. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model with odds ratio at a significance level of less than 5% with no adjustment for age and sex. Logistic regression was used to identify socio-demographic factors associated with the levels of awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus. Results The prevalence of diabetes in four rounds was 8.4, 9, 11.1 and 13.2%, respectively. Among people with diabetes, 53.5, 65.6, 70.5 and 82.2% were aware of their condition and 35.9, 42, 46 and 39.6% were treated for this condition, respectively. In four rounds of study, 14.5, 20.8, 20.4 and 18.5% of all diabetic patients had adequate glycemic control, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, there was a significant relationship between female gender, age over 40, living in the urban area, being in the third wealth quintile and having health insurance with diabetes prevalence. Female participants were more likely to be aware of the disease. Older participants were more likely to receive treatment and had adequate glycemic control. Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes in Iran has been increasing and despite the great awareness of the disease, receiving treatment and effective control of the disease are suboptimal. While several national policies to improve diabetes screening and care have been passed in recent years, it seems large gaps remain in disease detection and treatment. It is suggested that more attention be paid to the treatment and control of diabetes by NCDs national policies to prevent the growing burden associated with the disease.

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“…As well as, rising death rates due to poorly controlled Diabetes which is estimated to be responsible for 11.3% of fatalities worldwide. 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic and Behavioral Disparities Among Diabetics in Saudi Arabia: A Nation-Wide Descriptive Study

Almubark¹,

Althumairi²,

Alhamdan³

et al. 2022

DMSO

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Purpose This study aims to explore sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors in adult participants with Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study of 20492 potential participants conducted in quarters 1 and 2 in 2021 from all 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. A backward maximum likelihood logistic regression model, including all variables, was used to identify variables associated with participants living with Diabetes. Results A total of 14007 participants, aged ≥18 years, completed the interview, with a response rate of 68.3% and successful quota sampling. Fifty percent were male, the mean age was 36.7 (SD 13.7; range: 18–90). Of the total sample, 1633, 11.7% had Diabetes. Seven percent only of diabetic patients (124 participants) had an acceptable level of fruit and vegetable intake. In addition, only (274, 16.8%) had an acceptable level of physical activity, compared to (2389, 19.3%) in the non-diabetic group. Daily smokers were slightly higher in the diabetic group compared to the non-diabetic group (13.2% vs 11.7%). Hypertension was reported mostly by the diabetic group (45.1% vs 8%). Overweight and Obesity were more prevalent in patients with Diabetes (72.50% vs 51.62%). The results of the logistic regression have shown that several sociodemographic, behavioral and intermediate risk factors were significantly associated with Diabetes. Conclusion The study found that the prevalence of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia is around 12%, which is lower than the previously reported prevalence of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, Diabetes was found to be associated with lower educational level, smoking, obesity and overweight, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. These factors are essential to be identified and screened in the community at regular interval; furthermore, controlling these factors may improve their disease management and quality of life. Additionally, knowing these factors will assist policymakers to shape an effective practical approach to combat diabetes widespread.

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Dietary Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the MENA Region: A Review of the Evidence

Cited by 23 publications

References 205 publications

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Impact of Geographical Location of the Observations

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Impact of Geographical Location of the Observations

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among Iranian population: results of four national cross-sectional STEPwise approach to surveillance surveys

Socioeconomic and Behavioral Disparities Among Diabetics in Saudi Arabia: A Nation-Wide Descriptive Study

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