Effects of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation on Yield and Fertilizer Requirement of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) in Bangladesh

Abstract

Due to increasing scarcity of fresh water, use of unconventional water source (e.g., wastewater) in irrigation has now become important. However, inclusive information on the effects of wastewater on crop production and soil health is necessary for such intervention. This study was designed to evaluate these effects by demonstrating the contribution of municipal wastewater (hereafter called wastewater) on yield and nutrient requirement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv Shatabdi. Five irrigation treatments  I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4 and I 5 were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during NovemberMarch of 20072008, 20082009, 20092010 at the experimental field of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The treatments I 2 I 5 consisted of blended wastewater and I 1 of fresh water (control). The ratio of wastewater to total irrigation water was 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 in I 2 , I 3 , I 4 and I 5 , respectively. Wheat was cultivated with three irrigations and recommended doses of fertilizer in three consecutive years. Wastewater contained nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) @ 17.5, 3.7 and 10.3 mg/L, respectively, and irrigation by raw wastewater (I 5 ) contributed 19.1, 15.1 and 21.7% of the recommended N, P and K, respectively. Biomass yield increased with increasing fraction of wastewater in irrigation. Grain yield increased for the wastewater fraction of 0.50  0.75 in irrigation but decreased when irrigation was applied by raw wastewater. Excess fertilizer (under I 5 ) boosted up growth of wheat, but did not contribute to the grain yield. Number of grains per spike; and grain, straw and biological yields significantly (p = 0.05) increased due to the contribution of wastewater. Wastewater significantly improved grain and biomass production, with the largest value obtained in I 4 (4.61 t/ha grain yield and 11.36 t/ha biomass yield). Raw wastewater in combination with recommended fertilizer doses caused over-fertilization that contributed only in biomass production but not in grain production of wheat and irrigation by wastewater substantially reduced fertilizer requirement of wheat.

Risk of heavy metals accumulation in soil and wheat grains with waste water irrigation under different NPK levels in alkaline calcareous soil

“…The WW containing nutrients like NPK and micronutrients can increase the yield if used for irrigation. It was confirmed by other researchers that the biomass of wheat increased with the application of wastewater [ 17 ]. Similar results were established in another study [ 18 ] who reported the maximum biomass of soya bean with the combined use of NPK and city waste compost.…”

Investigating the effect of using treated and untreated wastewater in irrigation on groundwater quality

“…Since long ago municipal wastewater has been used due to the abundance of nutrients and essential elements for crop growth and soil fertility. [10] , [11]. The physical and chemical properties of water and soil are affected by the discharge of untreated wastewater as it enters the food chain and affects agricultural products and human and animal health.…”