Effects of epidural nalbuphine on intraoperative isoflurane and postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs

Abstract

PURPOSE:To measure the change in the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (EtISO) associated with epidural nalbuphine and the postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs after ovariohysterectomy. METHODS:Twenty four healthy female dogs were randomly assigned to receive saline or nalbuphine at 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg (n=8 for each group) administered via lumbosacral epidural catheter introduced cranially into the epidural canal. Changes in heart and respiratory rates and arterial blood pressure during surgery were recorded along with the corresponding EtISO. Immediately after tracheal extubation, analgesia, sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood pressure were measured at predetermined intervals and every 60 min thereafter until the first rescue analgesic. RESULTS:A significant decrease in EtISO was associated with epidural nalbuphine at 0.3 mg/kg (26.3%) and 0.6 mg/kg (38.4%) but not with saline in ovariohysterectomized dogs. In the postoperative period, VAS and Colorado analgesic scores were lower for the dogs that received the higher nalbuphine dose, which only required supplemental analgesia 10 h following its administration, compared with dogs that received the lower dose. CONCLUSION:Epidural nalbuphine significantly reduces the intra-operative isoflurane requirement and provides prolonged postoperative analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in dogs.

Sedative, analgesic, behavioral and clinical effects of intravenous nalbuphine-xylazine combination in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

“…Recently, the analgesic effects of morphine and nalbuphine, a synthetic opiate with mixed agonist-antagonist actions, have been reported [56]. As a novel opioid κ receptor agonist-antagonist, nalbuphine, can agitate the κ receptors to achieve a superior analgesic effect and antagonize the μ receptors to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions [78].…”

Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Epidural Administration of Methadone, Tramadol, or Nalbuphine in Ovariohysterectomized Dogs

“…Nalbuphine is a low lipophilic semisynthetic opioid related to both oxymorphone and naloxone; it has relatively potent :-antagonist and 6-agonist activity. Nalbuphine administered epidurally reduces the intraoperative isoflurane requirement and provides prolonged postoperative analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in dogs (Frazilio et al, 2014). Our study showed a superior analgesic effect of epidural lidocaine/nalbuphine (5-8 h) compared with lidocaine alone (90 min) in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.…”

“…The opiate receptor subtypes (:, 6 and F) and the advent of drugs with receptor-specific agonist and antagonist properties have further expanded the role of epidural opioids for the intra-operative and postoperative periods (Camann et al, 1991). Many of these drugs, such as methadone, tramadol and nalbuphine are used epidurally alone or in combination with local anesthetics in dogs for obtaining prolonged analgesia postoperatively (Vettorato et al, 2010;Bosmans et al, 2012;Campagnol et al, 2012;Frazilio et al, 2014).…”

Immediate Postoperative Analgesia of Nalbuphine-Ketamine Combination Compared with Ketamine Alone in Xylazine-Sedated Goats Undergoing Left Flank Laparotomy

“…Additionally, adding nalbuphine to xylazine appears to enhance analgesia and decrease distress in dogs undergoing an uncomfortable or painful interference [ 31 ]. Epidural nalbuphine significantly lowered pain scores on the visual analogue system (VAS) and Colorado pain scales, and provided prolonged postoperative analgesia in dogs [ 32 ]. Nalbuphine and butorphanol are both mixed opioid agonist–antagonists with nearly similar pharmacological properties.…”