Effects of dietary effective fiber to rumen degradable starch ratios on the risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis and rumen content fatty acids composition in dairy goat

Li, F.; Yang, Xiaojun; Cao, Yangchun; Li, S.X.; Yao, Junhu; Li, Z.J.; Sun, Feifei

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.12.011

Cited by 70 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In goat kids on finalisation fed diets with forage concentrate ratios of 60:40, 45:55, 30:70 and 15:85, ruminal pH was 6.92, 6.15, 6.32 and 6.09, respectively, therefore the proportion forage-concentrate maintaining adequate ruminal pH without affecting productive performance was 30:70 (Haddad 2005). In dairy goats fed a 50:50 forage-concentrate ration, in which three food particle sizes (1.81, 1.43 and 1.2 mm) were evaluated and the NDF was effective, the ones fed 1.43 mm particles, VFA concentration was increased without affecting NDF degradability and cellulolytic bacteria growth, rumen pH was 6.04 (Li et al 2014).…”

Section: Concentrated Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level of fiber and large particles of food necessary to maintain rumen health depend on both the source and the size (NRC 2001). To prevent acidosis in sheep, a 30% of NDF is recommended (Lean et al 2007) and for dairy cattle at least 25% of NDF is recommended in the total diet on a dry basis, and 75% of this contribution must come from roughage to maintain a functional and healthy rumen (Li et al 2014). In dairy goats, between 373 and 384 g/kg NDF of dry matter must be used to prevent acidosis problems (Sudweeks et al 1981).…”

Section: Concentrated Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control

Jaramillo-López¹,

Itzá-Ortíz²,

Peraza-Mercado³

et al. 2017

Austral j. vet. sci.

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ABSTRACT. Ruminal acidosis in ruminants is a metabolic disorder of gastrointestinal origin that occurs in animals with a high feed intake of cereal grains diets, which affect the performance. According to clinical manifestations it can be classified as: a) acute lactic acidosis with prolonged exposure to ruminal pH ≤ 5.0, triggering a systemic acidosis, with clinical manifestations and changes in biochemical patterns, starting the first twelve hours of ruminal acidosis and it takes 48 to 120 hours to reestablish, b) subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), it has no clinical manifestations, rumen pH decreases in a range of 5.5 to 5.0 and is held for 111 to 180 minutes in 24 hours, this decrease causes an imbalance in the ruminal metabolism, as well as the fluid balance. Ruminal acidosis can be prevented by adding sodium bicarbonate to the ration, or zootechnic additives such as Saccharomyces cereviseae and Megasphaera elsdenii as well as essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol). It is also important to consider the forage/concentrate ratio, the forage particle size, the NDF content of the ration, as well as the cereal's rate of degradation in the rumen. The objective of this review was to address the ruminal acidosis pathophysiology, its effects on animal welfare and control strategies to minimise the detrimental impact on animal production.Key words: metabolic disorder, ruminal subacute acidosis. RESUMEN.La acidosis ruminal es un trastorno metabólico de origen digestivo, que se presenta en los rumiantes al ingerir dietas altas en granos de cereales, y que afecta el rendimiento productivo. Según sus manifestaciones clínicas se clasifica en: a) acidosis láctica aguda en la que hay una exposición prolongada a un pH ruminal ≤ 5,0, lo que desencadena una acidosis sistémica con manifestaciones clínicas, así como cambios en los patrones bioquímicos que se inician en las primeras doce horas de la acidosis ruminal y tardan de 48 a 120 horas en restablecerse, y b) acidosis subaguda ruminal (ASR), donde no hay manifestaciones clínicas, el pH del rumen disminuye en un rango de 5,5 a 5,0 y se mantiene durante 111 a 180 minutos en 24 horas, este descenso provoca un desequilibrio tanto en el metabolismo ruminal como en el balance de líquidos. La acidosis ruminal se puede prevenir por la adición de bicarbonato de sodio, aditivos zootécnicos como la Sccharomyces cerevisiae y Megasphaera elsdenii, y aceites esenciales (cinamaldehído y eugenol). Es importante considerar la relación forraje/concentrado así como el tamaño de partícula del forraje, el contenido de FND de la ración, y la degradación del grano de cereal en el rumen. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue abordar la fisiopatología de la acidosis ruminal, los efectos que esta causa en el bienestar animal y las estrategias para su control, para minimizar su impacto detrimental en la producción animal.Palabras claves: trastorno metabólico, acidosis subaguda ruminal.

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Section: Concentrated Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concentrated Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control

Jaramillo-López¹,

Itzá-Ortíz²,

Peraza-Mercado³

et al. 2017

Austral j. vet. sci.

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“…Proportion of VFA, particularly acetate to propionate ration is influenced by nature of feed entering the rumen. Acetate proportion is greater when animals consume fibrous diet and, conversely, propionate proportion is greater with high concentrate diet (Gonzalez et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014). Apparently since both materials are beans, which are among concentrate categories, acetate and propionate proportions to total VFA in the present experiment were insignificant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…While CP and EE contribute little on ruminal pH dynamics, amount and type of carbohydrate is a main determining factor for rumen pH. Non-fiber carbohydrates such as starch, sugar, and pectin are rapidly degraded and fermented in the rumen and therefore decreases rumen pH whereas, on the contrary, structural carbohydrate generally possesses a slow degradation rate (Li et al, 2014). Concentration of NH3 was found to be greater in the in vitro incubation of soybean than that of redbean (P<0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Fractionation and Utilization of Soybean and Redbean as Affected by Different Drying Temperature

et al. 2017

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drying temperatures on chemical composition, rumen fermentation, and digestibility of soybean and redbean (in vitro). Soybean and redbean were dried in an oven set at four different drying temperatures: 50, 60, 70, and 80 o C for 24 h in three replicates. The dried samples were then grilled and used further for chemical composition determination (proximate analysis, Van Soest analysis, and protein fraction) and in vitro rumen fermentation assay. Parameters measured in the in vitro assay were gas production, digestibility, pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance and a posthoc test namely Duncan's multiple range test. Results showed that neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) content was increased at higher drying temperature (70 or 80 o C) for both soybean and redbean (P<0.05). Similar to NDICP, higher temperature led to a greater acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) of soybean as well as those of redbean (P<0.05). Higher temperature decreased gas production rate (GPR) of both beans (P<0.05). Drying of soybean at 70 or 80 o C decreased crude protein digestibility (CPD) of soybean more than those of dried at 50 or 60 o C (P<0.05). Higher drying temperature resulted in a lower NH3 concentration of both beans (P<0.05). In conclusion, drying temperature at 50 or 60 o C was considered to be safe to maintain the nutritional quality of soybean and redbean.

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“…R. flavefaciens and F. succinogenes were detected by using the specific primers, while R. albus was not detected in fecal DNA samples. R. flavefaciens, F. succinogenes and R. albus are known as the main fibrolytic species (Sirohi et al 2012), however cellulolytic bacteria vary depending on the degradable starch content in the rumen, and R. flavefaciens, F. succinogenes and R. albus are reduced by lower pH as a result of high concentrate diet (Li et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic DNA isolation from sheep feces and PCR detection of several rumen bacteria

Ekiz¹,

Yavuz²,

Özgün

et al. 2016

EurasianJVetSci

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ÖzAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı taze ve kuru koyun dışkısından metagenomik DNA'nın izolasyonunu yapmak ve spesifik primerler kullanarak çeşitli rumen bakterilerini tespit etmektir. Öneriler: Bu çalışma, doğal şartlarda kurumanın dışkı ör-neklerinden metagenomik DNA izolasyonu üzerine etkilerini tanımlamıştır. Ayrıca, izole edilen DNA kullanılarak çeşitli rumen bakterilerinin tespiti gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kurumuş dışkıdan izole edilen metagenomik DNA'nın bakteri populasyonlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabileceği ifade edilebilir. Gereç veAnahtar kelimeler: Ruminant, rumen bakterisi, metagenomik DNA, PZR Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate metagenomic DNA from fresh and dry sheep feces and to detect several rumen bacteria using the specific primers. Materials and Methods:The metagenomic DNA isolation was performed by using commercial I-Genomic Stool DNA Isolation Kit. Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Prevotella bryantii, Prevotella ruminicola, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium and Succinovibrio dextrinosolvens were screened using metagenomic DNA with polymerase chain reaction and spesific primers. Reaction of 16S rRNA region with SphI was carried out to confirm the absence of R. amylophilus, R. albus and S. dextrinosolvens.Results: Fecal samples dried rapidly and lost its 53.72% of fresh mass. After the DNA isolations from fresh and dried samples, DNA concentrations and purity were varied between 25.60-59.50 ng/µL and 1.72-1.90, respectively. It was observed that fecal inhibitors had no effect on PCR. A. lipolytica, F. succinogenes, P. bryantii, P. ruminicola, R. flavefaciens, S. bovis and S. ruminantium were detected with specific primers however PCR did not reveal the presence of R. amylophilus, R. albus and S. dextrinosolvens. SphI digestion of 16S rDNA regions has confirmed this result. Conclusion:In this study, effect of drying in natural conditions on metagenomic DNA isolation from fecal samples was determined. Furthermore, PCR detection of several rumen bacteria was performed by using isolated DNA. In conclusion, it may be stated that the metagenomic DNA isolated from dried fecal samples could be an effective tool for the detection of bacterial populations.

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Effects of dietary effective fiber to rumen degradable starch ratios on the risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis and rumen content fatty acids composition in dairy goat

Cited by 70 publications

References 40 publications

Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control

Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control

Protein Fractionation and Utilization of Soybean and Redbean as Affected by Different Drying Temperature

Metagenomic DNA isolation from sheep feces and PCR detection of several rumen bacteria

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