ABSTRACT. Ruminal acidosis in ruminants is a metabolic disorder of gastrointestinal origin that occurs in animals with a high feed intake of cereal grains diets, which affect the performance. According to clinical manifestations it can be classified as: a) acute lactic acidosis with prolonged exposure to ruminal pH ≤ 5.0, triggering a systemic acidosis, with clinical manifestations and changes in biochemical patterns, starting the first twelve hours of ruminal acidosis and it takes 48 to 120 hours to reestablish, b) subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), it has no clinical manifestations, rumen pH decreases in a range of 5.5 to 5.0 and is held for 111 to 180 minutes in 24 hours, this decrease causes an imbalance in the ruminal metabolism, as well as the fluid balance. Ruminal acidosis can be prevented by adding sodium bicarbonate to the ration, or zootechnic additives such as Saccharomyces cereviseae and Megasphaera elsdenii as well as essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol). It is also important to consider the forage/concentrate ratio, the forage particle size, the NDF content of the ration, as well as the cereal's rate of degradation in the rumen. The objective of this review was to address the ruminal acidosis pathophysiology, its effects on animal welfare and control strategies to minimise the detrimental impact on animal production.Key words: metabolic disorder, ruminal subacute acidosis. RESUMEN.La acidosis ruminal es un trastorno metabólico de origen digestivo, que se presenta en los rumiantes al ingerir dietas altas en granos de cereales, y que afecta el rendimiento productivo. Según sus manifestaciones clínicas se clasifica en: a) acidosis láctica aguda en la que hay una exposición prolongada a un pH ruminal ≤ 5,0, lo que desencadena una acidosis sistémica con manifestaciones clínicas, así como cambios en los patrones bioquímicos que se inician en las primeras doce horas de la acidosis ruminal y tardan de 48 a 120 horas en restablecerse, y b) acidosis subaguda ruminal (ASR), donde no hay manifestaciones clínicas, el pH del rumen disminuye en un rango de 5,5 a 5,0 y se mantiene durante 111 a 180 minutos en 24 horas, este descenso provoca un desequilibrio tanto en el metabolismo ruminal como en el balance de líquidos. La acidosis ruminal se puede prevenir por la adición de bicarbonato de sodio, aditivos zootécnicos como la Sccharomyces cerevisiae y Megasphaera elsdenii, y aceites esenciales (cinamaldehído y eugenol). Es importante considerar la relación forraje/concentrado así como el tamaño de partícula del forraje, el contenido de FND de la ración, y la degradación del grano de cereal en el rumen. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue abordar la fisiopatología de la acidosis ruminal, los efectos que esta causa en el bienestar animal y las estrategias para su control, para minimizar su impacto detrimental en la producción animal.Palabras claves: trastorno metabólico, acidosis subaguda ruminal.
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The objective was to determine the best nonlinear and linear model to estimate the body weight (BW) of males and females of Holstein (Ho) and Brown Swiss (BS) crossed with Zebu (Z) cattle under two management systems, measuring the thoracic perimeter (TP). 1577 observations of BW and TP measurements from the male and female BS and Ho crossed with Z cattle under two management systems (Estación Experimental La Posta and Matias Romero). Measurements were taken every 28 days from 2006 to 2008 year. An analysis of nonlinear regression of the models, Gamma Function, Brookes and the multiplicative was performed with the software Scientist, which obtained the coefficients a, b, c and the indicators of goodness of fit MSC, R, R 2 , C and multiple linear regression of the body weight (BW) vs thoracic perimeter (PT) in its linear and quadratic form. To the nonlinear model variables a completely randomized experimental design was applied, having the factors: model, gender and management systems. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference (P≥0.05) among the factors, models and management systems for the analyzed variables, although for the factor gender, male data adjusted better than females data in predicting body weight from thoracic perimeter. TP and TP 2 were significant (P≤0.05) in the estimation of body weight. The nonlinear model of the gamma function and linear TP-TP 2 properly estimate the body weight from chest circumference for cattle in the Mexican tropics.
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