Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, immune gene expression and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

We studied the effect of two probiotic Bacillus subtilis strains on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune gene expression and disease resistance of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A mixture of two probiotic strains, L10 and G1 in equal proportions, was administered at two different doses 10(5) (BM5) and 10(8) (BM8) CFU g(-1) feed to shrimp for eight weeks. In comparison to untreated control group, final weight, weight gain and digestive enzyme activity were significantly greater in shrimp fed BM5 and BM8 diets. Significant differences for specific growth rate (SGR) and survival were recorded in shrimp fed BM8 diet as compared with the control; however, no significant differences were recorded for food conversion ratio (FCR) among all the experimental groups. Eight weeks after the start of the feeding period, shrimp were challenged with Vibrio harveyi. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in shrimp survival between probiotic and control groups. Cumulative mortality of the control group was 63.3%, whereas cumulative mortality of the shrimp that had been given probiotics was 20.0% with BM8 and 33.3% with BM5. Subsequently, real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of prophenoloxidase (proPO), peroxinectin (PE), lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) and serine protein (SP). The expression of all immune-related genes studied was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the shrimp fed BM5 and BM8 diets compared to the control group. These findings demonstrate that administration of B. subtilis strains, L10 and G1, can improve growth performance and disease resistance through an enhanced immune response in shrimp.

RESPON IMUNITAS BENIH LOBSTER, Panulirus homarus DENGAN PENGGUNAAN PROBIOTIK PADA PAKAN MOIST

“…Zokaeifar et al (2012), Karla et al (2011), dan Li et al (2009), menyatakan bahwa penggunaan probiotik pada udang L. vannamei dapat meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan, enzim pencenakan, resistensi penyakit, immune gene expession, dan mengurangi prevalensi infeksi virus atau bakteri. Hasil uji tantang terhadap Vibrio fluvialis pada Homarus americanus menunjukkan nilai transkripsi respons protein antimikroba meningkat 17 kali (ClEark, 2013;Beale et al, 2009).…”

Bacillus NP5 Improves Growth Performance and Resistance Against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Bacillus NP5 Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Ketahanan Terhadap Infeksi Virus Myonecrosis pada Udang Putih (L. vannamei)

“…The increasing of body weight and growth rate, and the decreasing of feed conversion rate in the white shrimp also occurred in the study where photosynthetic probiotic bacteria and Bacillus sp. (10 8 -10 9 cfu.g -1 feed) (Wang, 2007), Lactobacillus plantarum (10 8 cfu.g -1 feed) (Kongnum and Hongpattarakere, 2012), and Bacillus subtilis (10 8 cfu.g -1 feed) (Zokaeifar et al, 2012) were added to feed.…”

“…The amylase enzymes played a role as exogenous enzymes which assisted the white shrimp endogenous enzymes performance in hydrolyzing feed macromolecules (carbohydrates) into simpler molecules. Administration of probiotics may increase the activity of amylase, protease, and lipase enzymes in the white shrimp intestines (Wang, 2007;Zhou et al, 2009;Zokaeifar et al, 2012). According to Wang (2007), improvement of the shrimp growth factor by probiotics is postulated as a result of induction of digestive enzymes such as protease and amylase which could stimulate the host natural enzyme activity.…”

Screening of Probiotic Bacteria Candidates from Gastrointestinal Tract of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and their Effects on the Growth Performances

“…Previous study also showed that administration of L. plantarum and B. subtilis could improve the growth of L. vannamei (Kongnum and Hongpattarakere, 2012;Li et al, 2009;Wang, 2007). Zokaeifar et al (2012) stated that the addition of B. subtilis to the feed increased the activity of protease, amylase, total protein and white shrimp growth compared to control.…”