Effects of 3D nanocomposite bioceramic scaffolds on the immune response

Abstract

The interaction of new nanocomposite mesoporous glass/hydroxyapatite (MGHA) scaffolds with immune cells involved in both innate and acquired immunity has been studied in vitro as an essential aspect of their biocompatibility assessment. Since the immune response can be affected by the degradation products of bioresorbable scaffolds and scaffold surface changes, both processes have been evaluated.No alterations in proliferation and viability of RAW-264.7 macrophage-like cells were detected after culture on MGHA scaffolds which did not induce cell apoptosis. However, a slight cell size decrease and an intracellular calcium content increase were observed after contact of this cell line with MGHA scaffolds or their extracts. Although no changes in the percentages of RAW cells with low and high contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are observed by the treatment with 7 day extracts, this study has revealed modifications of these percentages after direct contact with scaffolds and by the treatment with 24 h extracts, related to the high reactivity/bioactivity of this MGHA nanocomposite at initial times. Furthermore, when normal fresh murine spleen cells were used as an experimental model closer to physiological conditions, no significant alterations in the activation of different immune cell subpopulations were detected in the presence of 24 h MGHA extract. MGHA scaffolds did not affect either the spontaneous apoptosis or intracellular cytokine expression (IL-2, IL-10, IFN-g, and TNF-a)after 24 h treatment. The results obtained in the present study with murine immune cell subpopulations (macrophages, lymphocytes B, lymphocytes T and natural killer cells) support the biocompatibility of the MGHA material and suggest an adequate host tissue response to their scaffolds upon their implantation.

Multifunctional pH sensitive 3D scaffolds for treatment and prevention of bone infection

“…Recently, hierarchical meso-macroporous 3D scaffolds based on nanocomposite formed by nanocrystalline apatite uniformly embedded into a mesostructured SiO 2 -CaO-P 2 O 5 glass wall (MGHA) have been fabricated by rapid prototyping technique [26][27][28]. These MGHA 3D scaffolds have shown excellent properties as highly bioactive behavior, enhanced biocompatibility, no induction of inflammatory response, as well as good preosteoblast adhesion, colonization, proliferation and differentiation (see supporting information Fig.…”

“…MGHA 3D scaffolds based on nanocomposite material were prepared by rapid prototyping (RP) using methylcellulose (MC), as previously reported [27,28]. These 3D scaffolds have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in a Philips X'Pert diffractometer (Eindhoven, The Netherlands), equipped with Cu Kα (40 kV, 20 mA).…”

3D scaffold with effective multidrug sequential release against bacteria biofilm

“…Recently, a nanocomposite bioceramic (MGHA), formed by particles of nanocrystalline apatite embedded into amorphous mesoporous bioactive glass in the SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -CaO system, has been reported. Due to the synergy of the features of its two components, including (i) ordered mesoporous arrangement with pores of 8 nm, (ii) high surface area and pore volume, (iii) high bioactivity, (iv) presence of nanocrystalline apatite particles homogeneously distributed, and (v) improved in vitro biocompatibility, this nanocomposite material is an excellent candidate for bone tissue engineering and local drug delivery [27][28][29][30]. Concerning the fabrication processes to obtain scaffolds, 3D plotting techniques (also called direct writing or printing) have been widely developed to prepare porous scaffolds in recent years [31].…”

3D-Printed Bioactive Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Bioscaffolds Modified with Biomimetic Extracellular Matrices for Bone Regeneration

“…In this study, cytokine profiles of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) of cellular immune responses were investigated. TNF-α plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunities and it is a pleiotropic cytokine that is associated with various inflammatory and autoimmunity responses [ 48 ]. IL-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a major role in the immune response of cells at the site of injuries [ 49 ].…”