Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on haematological indices in West African dwarf goats

Obidike, Ikechukwu Reginald; Aka, Lawrence Okonkwo; Shoyinka, S. V. O.; Anya, K. O.; Eze, H.E.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.12.002

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…3 Unfortunately, this herbicide is not only specific for targeting weeds but also harmful for nontarget species. 4 There are many forms of 2,4-D including esters and alkyl amine salts which results in the production of harmful compounds including chlorophenols or dioxins. 5 These compounds are used as precursors in manufacturing agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biocides, and dyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium supplementation ameliorates toxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rat model

Shafeeq

Mahboob

2019

Hum Exp Toxicol

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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an extensively used herbicide in the field of agriculture, its ever-escalating use induces toxicity, health effects, and environmental impact. Oxidative stress plays a key role in pathogenesis of 2,4-D-induced liver and kidney damage. Magnesium (Mg) is a highly effective antioxidant agent in restoring oxidative damage by directly influencing the metabolic and physiological processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate Mg role in ameliorating the oxidative damages provoked by 2,4-D in rat model. Male Wistar rats (180–220 g) were distributed into four groups and treated intragastrically for 4 weeks. Group 1: control, group 2: 2,4-D (150 mg/kg body weight/day), group 3: simultaneously treated with 2,4-D (150 mg/kg body weight/day) and Mg supplement (50 mg/kg body weight/day), and group 4: Mg supplement (50 mg/kg body weight/day). Under experimental conditions, plasma hepatic and renal biomarkers, tissue oxidative status, and antioxidant enzymes activities were investigated. Results demonstrated that 2,4-D intoxication caused hepatic and renal impairments as indicated by the significantly increased ( p < 0.001) alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels. In addition, 2,4-D caused a significant enhancement ( p < 0.001) in the level of malondialdehyde as well as reduction ( p < 0.001) of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities in both hepatic and renal tissues. Mg treatment prevented and reversed the toxic variations induced by 2,4-D. In general, these outcomes suggest that Mg may have antioxidant potential and ameliorative effects against 2,4-D provoking hepatic and renal toxicity in rat model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium supplementation ameliorates toxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rat model

Shafeeq

Mahboob

2019

Hum Exp Toxicol

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“…The authors found that the administration of 1.5 and 3 mg/day of 2,4-D during 25 days induced in vivo oxidation. Being a chemical herbicide that is currently used in more than 1500 commercial formulation [13,14], current studies dealing with methods of studying its toxicity have been reported. Such as the study done by Mountassif et al [2] in jerboa daily treated with 2,4-D.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results show that 2,4-D induces toxicity which affects energy metabolism, morphological perturbation and oxidative stress. Obidike et al [14] have demonstrated that exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid exerts toxic effects on the haematological indices of West African dwarf goats. This claim is supported by the fact that 2,4-D toxicity may be medicated by effects associated with the plasma membrane, interference or cellular metabolic pathways involving acetyl coenzyme A or uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatotoxicity induced by sub-acute exposure of rats to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid based herbicide “Désormone lourd”

Tayeb

Nakbi

Trabelsi

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…2,4-D structure also resembles indoleacetic acid, a plant hormone that promotes the growth of the plant. The first systemic phenoxy herbicide 2,4-D (Paszko et al, 2016; Paulino et al, 1996) is currently utilized in more than 1500 herbicide products (Burns and Swaen, 2012; Obidike et al, 2008), which results in the production of chlorophenols or dioxins. These compounds might induce various harmful consequences due to their widespread and intensive applications (Bradberry et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induced hepatic and renal toxicological perturbations in rat model: Attenuation by selenium supplementation

Shafeeq

Mahboob

2021

Toxicol Ind Health

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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a commercially used herbicide to manage broadleaf weeds that have various toxicological and ecological effects. In view of ever-escalating use of 2,4-D, risk assessment becomes mandatory to ensure the safety of both human health and the ecosystem. Oxidative injury has been expected as a possible mechanism implicated in 2,4-D toxicity. The present study was planned and conducted to explore the antioxidant potential of selenium (Se) supplementation to moderate the 2,4-D hepatic and renal toxicity in a rat model. The rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups and treated via oral gavage for a period of 4 weeks. Group I: received deionized water as a vehicle, group II: received 2,4-D (150 mg−1 kg−1 day−1), group III: received Se supplement (1 mg−1 kg−1 day−1), and group IV: received 2,4-D (150 mg−1 kg−1 day−1) and Se supplement (1 mg−1 kg−1 day−1) simultaneously. After 4 weeks of administration, 2,4-D induced toxicity was observed, as manifested by disrupted levels of plasma urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Further, 2,4-D caused a considerable increase in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase. Se supplementation exhibited its antioxidant properties by significantly improving urea, creatinine, ALP, AST, and ALT, and MDA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, the results suggest that 2,4-D induced hepatic and renal toxicities were attenuated by Se supplementation probably owing to its antioxidant properties.

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Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on haematological indices in West African dwarf goats

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Magnesium supplementation ameliorates toxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rat model

Magnesium supplementation ameliorates toxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rat model

Hepatotoxicity induced by sub-acute exposure of rats to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid based herbicide “Désormone lourd”

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induced hepatic and renal toxicological perturbations in rat model: Attenuation by selenium supplementation

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