Effects and immune responses of probiotic treatment in ruminants

Abstract

Gut microbial colonization and establishment are vital to ruminant health and production. This review article focuses on current knowledge and methods used to understand and manipulate the gut microbial community in ruminant animals, with a special focus on probiotics treatment. This review highlights the most promising of studies in this area, including gut microbial colonization and establishment, effect of gastrointestinal tract microbial community on host mucosal innate immune function, impact of feeding strategies on gut microbial community, current probiotic treatments in ruminants, methods to manipulate the gut microbiota and associated antimicrobial compounds, and models and cell lines used in understanding the host immune response to probiotic treatments. As a lot of work in this area is done in humans and mice, this review article also includes up-to-date knowledge from relevant studies in human and mouse models. This review is a useful resource for scientists working in the areas of ruminant nutrition and health, and to researchers investigating the microbial ecology and its relation to animal health.

Effect of prebiotic and probiotic supplements to increase live weight of calves in the diet

“…The probiotic and prebiotic substances contained in the feed ration of the experimental group demonstrably increased the live weight gain. A number of studies are described which report the positive effect of the use of probiotic feed supplements on the health and live weight gain of calves (Zhang et al, 2016;Raabis et al, 2019;Renaud et al, 2019). These results agree with the findings of Timmerman et al (2005) and Frizzo et al (2010).…”

Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum or Macleaya cordata Extract Alleviates Oxidative Damage Induced by Weaning in the Lower Gut of Young Goats

“…The mechanism that LAC can regulate the oxidative stress of animals may be related to modulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signals and suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) inflammatory pathway [30]. Moreover, it has been reported that Lactobacillus plays a significant role in regulating gastrointestinal mucosal immune cells and maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract [31]. Lactobacillus can produce bactericidal substances and compete for the attachment plaque with pathogens and toxins [31].…”

“…Moreover, it has been reported that Lactobacillus plays a significant role in regulating gastrointestinal mucosal immune cells and maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract [31]. Lactobacillus can produce bactericidal substances and compete for the attachment plaque with pathogens and toxins [31].…”

Nitrógeno no proteico de liberación controlada y Levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae en vacas lecheras

“…Dependiendo del tipo de proteína, cierta cantidad es degradada por la acción de la microflora ruminal, mientras que la fracción no degradable, constituye la proteína de sobrepaso. El NNP es de gran solubilidad y completamente hidrolizado en el rumen y transformado a amoníaco, siempre y cuando no rebase la capacidad de la microflora ruminal de convertir más NNP en proteína microbial (Raabis, S., & Cersosimo, 2019), el objetivo final de este metabolismo es proporcionar aminoácidos al organismo para que puedan ser aprovechados eficazmente en las diferentes funciones.…”