Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum or Macleaya cordata Extract Alleviates Oxidative Damage Induced by Weaning in the Lower Gut of Young Goats

Abstract

Weaning usually leads to stress in livestock, which has a negative impact on their growth and development. Research on oxidative stress and inflammation induced by weaning has not been reported in goats. Here, we focused on oxidative stress profile and inflammation status of the lower gut (jejunum, ileum, and colon) of goats. First, we illustrated the status of antioxidant activity and inflammation in the intestine of young goats on pre-(2 weeks postnatal, 2 wkpn) or post-(11 wkpn, weaning at day 45 postnatal)-weaned period of young goats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher (p < 0.0001) in jejunum and ileum of the young goats in 11 wkpn than that in 2 wkpn, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower (p = 0.012) in the lower gut of the young goats with 11 wkpn than that in 2 wkpn. Furthermore, we intended to explore the protective influence of a probiotic additive (Lactobacillus plantarum (LAC) P-8, 10 g/d) and a prebiotic additive (Sangrovit®, Macleaya cordata (MAC) extract 3.75% w/w premix, 0.3 g/d) on intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation status of early-weaned young goats (average weights of 5.63 ± 0.30 kg, weaned on d 45 postnatal). We observed that LAC reduced MDA in jejunum and ileum (p < 0.0001), increased SOD activity in ileum (p < 0.01), and increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in jejunum (p < 0.05). Similarly, MAC reduced MDA contents (p < 0.0001), increased SOD activities (p < 0.01) in both of ileum and jejunum, and increased GSH-Px activity (p < 0.05) in jejunum. However, there were no differences in feed intake, average daily gain, inflammation parameters (interleukin 2 and interleukin 6), and colon oxidative stress profile (MDA, SOD, or GSH-Px) among treatments. These results provide evidence that weaning induces oxidative damage in the lower gut of young goats, and the oxidative damage in the small intestine can be reduced by adding the addition of LAC or MAC in diets depending on the region of the lower gut.

Role of Food Antioxidants in Modulating Gut Microbial Communities: Novel Understandings in Intestinal Oxidative Stress Damage and Their Impact on Host Health

“…The supplementation of Akkermansia muciniphila can be a helpful strategy to reduce the production of oxidative stress along with the modulation of gut microbiota in streptozotocin-induced diabetic experimental rats' model [67]. Furthermore, the consumption of Lactobacillus plantarum together with Macleaya cordata extract reduced the production of intestinal oxidative stress and protect the intestinal mucosal barrier in goat [68]. Hence, it is concluded that the consumption of probiotic bacteria might act as biological barrier to produce ROS, inhibiting the ROS producing enzymes, stimulating the antioxidant enzymes, enhancing the production of antioxidant metabolites and regulating antioxidant signaling pathways and gut microbiota [69,70].…”

Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on growth traits, slaughter performance, serum markers and intestinal bacterial community of Daheng broilers

“…Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress, reflecting the degree of lipid peroxidation. Chen et al observed that Lactobacillus plantarum additive reduced MDA in jejunum and ileum of young goats ( p < 0.01), increased SOD activity in ileum ( p < 0.01) and increased GSH‐PX activity in jejunum ( p < 0.05) (Chen et al, 2020). Liao et al showed that feeding basal diet supplemented with Clostridium butyricum can increase GSH concentration in duodenal and ileal mucosa, decrease MDA concentration in duodenal mucosa and improve SOD activity in the ileal mucosa of broilers ( p < 0.05) (Liao et al, 2015).…”

>b<Avaliação do uso de fitoterápico como aditivo alimentar sobre parâmetros digestivos e inflamatórios de equinos alimentados com dieta de alto nível de amido>/b<

“…Como já observado em outras espécies (VRUBLOVA et al, 2010;SOLER et al, 2016;CHEN et al, 2020), o fitoterápico à base de Macleaya cordata teve efeito anti-inflamatório local, sendo que todos os grupos tratados mantiveram a espessura de parede intestinal dentro da normalidade para pôneis (SIWINSKA et al, 2017).…”

“…Um de seus principais ingredientes ativos é a Sanguinarina (SG), um alcalóide de benzofenantridina que possui efeitos biológicos múltiplos, sendo os principais antibiótico e anti-inflamatório (DVORAK et al, 2006;DVORÁK E SIMÁNEK, 2007). O efeito anti-inflamatório mostrou-se útil em quadros de colite induzida (VRUBLOVA et al, 2010), apresenta efeito protetivo contra processos de isquemia (WANG et al, 2017) e diminui os efeitos do estresse do desmame (CHEN et al, 2020).…”

“…A enzima superóxido dismutase e a glutationa peroxidase, responsáveis por inativar peróxidos, tiveram suas atividades aumentadas. Seu efeito foi similar ao encontrado com o uso de um aditivo probiótico à base de Lactobacillus plantarum(CHEN et al, 2020).Galadari et al (2017) cita que a SG, além de possuir propriedades antiinflamatórias e antimicrobianas, é um reconhecido agente anti-hipertensivo e com propriedades anti-cancerígenas. Alguns estudos apontam a ocorrência de citotoxicidade causada pela SG.…”