Cattle raising is a crucial element of production systems in the tropics and subtropics. However, in recent years, global public health security has been threatened by disease emergence. In Orellana Province, livestock is the most important activity to generate economic income. Nevertheless, there is no available data about Animal Health status. With this objective, a study was performed to describe the major Bovine diseases recorded between 2011 to 2019, and the main Risk factors associated. Data on main Bovine diseases were retrieved from the World Animal Health Information System database. Whereas Bovine population data used to calculate the prevalence rates and confidence intervals were obtained from Ecuador's Ministry of Agriculture. By contrast, the Risk factors identified with an epidemiological questionnaire were applied to 300 livestock farmers. As a result, from 2011 to 2019 in Orellana has been confirmed: 90 cases of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (31.58%), Bovine Rabies by hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus), 83 cases (29.12%), Bovine viral diarrhea with 43 cases (15.10%), Brucellosis by Brucella abortus 35 cases, which was (12.28%), and 34 cases related to Enzootic bovine leukosis (11.92%). Overall, the prevalence rates ranged from (0.24 to 15.37%). In addition, farm size, presence of forest, herd, and paddock sizes, cutting frequency of forages, and other animal species were involved as Risk factors (OR = 3.15 to 11.75; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.69). In conclusion, there are animal diseases with reproductive and neurologic symptomology and high-Risk factors implicated in the transmission. Consequently, space-temporal and seroprevalence epidemiological studies should be performed in Orellana.
Grazing management is a key element to optimize growth cycle of forages, which are enhanced in their chemical composition leading to the reception of greater nutritive values for feeding ruminants. Several studies have showed that the accuracy and precision of the feeding values are critical to achieve this goal, unfortunately, in Ecuador there are not referential data, despite of Megathyrsus maximus is the most forage used by livestock farmers. The predominant aim of the current study was to approach and estimate the feeding values by INRA feed evaluation system of Tanzania grass (Megathyrsus maximus) subjected at different grazing strategies. The statistical design was a randomized complete block, with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Where the treatments were combinations of three grazing frequencies (GF) (30 d; termed GF30, 45 d, GF45 and 60 d, GF60) and two cutting heights (CHs; 30 and 45 cm). The agronomic data did not vary by season effect (P = 0.24 to 0.82), but GF60 had higher plant heigh and dry matter (DM) contents (P < 0.001) than other GF, although with less tiller populations (241 vs. 304 tiller/m2). By CHs effect, Tanzania grass at 30 cm had a greater DM content than 45 cm of CHs (5565 vs. 4221 ± 603 kg/ha-1; P = 0.073). All chemical determinations were affected by GF, CHs and their interaction (P < 0.001 to 0.004) with the exception on ADF between CHs (P = 0.50). Whereas only the CP and ADF values were conditioned by season effect (P = 0.001 to 0.011). Subsequently, Tanzania grass subjected at moderate rest periods and low defoliation intensities showed greater energy and proteins values than traditionally used GF60. Based in these findings, the defoliation frequency had influence on agronomic and chemical characteristics, whilst the feeding values was mainly affected by grazing intensities and weather conditions. So, the best combination regarding nutritive values should be at GF30 and GF45 combined with 45 cm of CHs.
El objetivo de la investigación se concentró en analizar la prevalencia de hemoparásitos en bovinos de doble propósito en el cantón Pallatanga, Provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. En base al análisis de laboratorio, la finca Capata tuvo la mayor incidencia de hemoparásitos 38.46%, la finca Lugmapata tuvo menor incidencia parasitaria con un 14.29%, definiéndose que la mayor incidencia hemoparasitaria corresponde a los animales mayores a 2 años de edad y la menor de 6 a 12 meses. Los animales menores a 2 años fueron los más afectados y los de menor edad 1 a 2 años, mientras que en los bovinos Brahman y cruzados no se determinó afectación. De todas las explotaciones investigadas, solamente una lleva registros y la respectiva identificación en los animales por lo que se dificultó la toma de datos.
In Ecuador, a government institution is responsible for applying regulations for official animal control of rabies and reducing to non-dangerous levels. However, in Orellana, no documented bibliography serves as a resource to assess risk. An observational study was carried out of the bovine rabies outbreaks occurrences from 2012 to 2018 period. With the SAS statistical package were obtained; descriptive statistics as well as interquartile values of the cases presented for then build an endemic channel and shows accumulated prevalence rate for each year. We resulted indicated that was presented a total of 44 cases to rabies during all period study. Finally, we can tell the frequency of the disease did not show marked seasonality due to climatic factors.
El objetivo fue analizar el Nitrógeno no proteico de liberación controlada y Levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae en vacas lecheras del subtrópico ecuatoriano en la Hacienda “Lugmapata”, del Cantón Pallatanga, Provincia de Chimborazo – Ecuador. Se aplicó tratamiento mediante diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar (DBCA). Para el contenido de proteína en la leche pre-tratamientos no se presentaron diferencias estadísticas (P>0.05), obteniéndose un promedio general de 3,43%, mientras que se registraron diferencias altamente significativas para los promedios del contenido de proteína durante el tratamiento (P<0.01), cuyos valores de mayor a menor fueron 3,75; 3,74; 3,72 y 3,64% para los tratamientos Nitrógeno no proteico de liberación controlada más Levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Se determinó un mayor consumo de forraje verde y materia seca en los animales tratados con Nitrógeno no proteico de liberación controlada más Levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lo que repercutió sobre el rendimiento de leche determinándose una mayor producción en los animales.
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