Effectiveness of systematic foot and mouth disease mass vaccination campaigns in Argentina

León, Elizabeth; Pérez, Andrés; Stevenson, MA; Robiolo, Blanca; Mattion, Nora; Seki, Cristina; Torre, J.L. La; Torres, Adriana Mabel; Cosentino, B.; Duffy, Sergio

doi:10.20506/rst.33.3.2329

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Regular evaluation of systematic and mass vaccination campaigns is of great importance in order to quantify their effectiveness [ 15 ], detect problems, and monitor the effect of interventions aimed at correcting them. During the years 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2011, the systematic foot-and-mouth disease mass vaccination campaigns were assessed in some districts of Argentina [ 16 ], but no study had focused on brucellosis so far. In addition, the methodology applied in those surveys did not consist in questionnaires answered by the main actors, but only relied on serological tests to estimate the cattle humoral immunity level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for the assessment of brucellosis management practices and its vaccination campaign: example in two Argentine districts

Aznar

Arregui²,

Humblet

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundIn Argentina, vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain 19 vaccine is mandatory. The objective of the study was to develop and test a method for evaluating, in an innovative way, some farmers’ and veterinarians’ management practices in relation to brucellosis and to assess the vaccination campaign and coverage. The work took place in Brandsen and Navarro districts. Four questionnaires were designed (for officials from Local Sanitary Entities, vaccinators, vet practitioners and farmers). Responses were coded as “ideal” (0) and “not ideal” (1). To assess the relative weight of each question (“item”), experts ranked the items according to their impact on management practices and vaccination. A weighted score was then calculated. A higher weighted score was assigned to the worse practices. Farmers obtaining a global weighted score above the third quartile were classified as “inappropriately managed farms”, to be compared per type of production system and district. To assess the immunization coverage, female calves were sampled 30 to 50 days post vaccination; they were expected to react positively to serological diagnostic tests (DT+).ResultsThere were significantly more inappropriately managed farms and higher global scores among beef farmers and in Brandsen. Eighty three percent (83%) of female calves were DT+, significantly under the ideal immunization coverage (95%). Only 48% of farms were considered well vaccinated. DT+ results were positively associated with the Brandsen district (OR = 25.94 [4.60–1146.21] and with the farms having more than 200 cow heads ((OR = 78.34 [4.09–1500.00]). On the contrary, DT+ were less associated with vaccinators being veterinary practitioners (OR = 0.07 [0.006–0.78]). Farmers are well advised by their veterinary practitioners but they should improve some management practices.ConclusionsThe vaccination campaign is globally well implemented, but the immunization coverage and some vaccinators’ practices should be improved.This study leads to a better understanding of the most common used management and control practices regarding brucellosis, which affect its epidemiology. Any vaccination campaign should be periodically assessed to highlight possible fails. The described methodology can be extrapolated to other countries and different contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for the assessment of brucellosis management practices and its vaccination campaign: example in two Argentine districts

Aznar

Arregui²,

Humblet

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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“…Overall population immunity, considering both vaccination and natural infection, can be assessed using representative sero-surveys 35 36 37 . However, this approach cannot distinguish whether immunity is derived from infection or vaccination, or both, and therefore, has limitations as a tool for evaluating a vaccination programme in endemic countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass vaccination, immunity and coverage: modelling population protection against foot-and-mouth disease in Turkish cattle

Knight-Jones

Gubbins

Bulut³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Turkey is controlled using biannual mass vaccination of cattle. However, vaccine protection is undermined by population turnover and declining immunity. A dynamic model of the Turkish cattle population was created. Assuming biannual mass vaccination with a single-dose primary course, vaccine history was calculated for the simulated population (number of doses and time since last vaccination). This was used to estimate population immunity. Six months after the last round of vaccination almost half the cattle aged <24 months remain unvaccinated. Only 50% of all cattle would have received >1 vaccine dose in their life with the last dose given ≤6 months ago. Five months after the last round of vaccination two-thirds of cattle would have low antibody titres (<70% protection threshold). Giving a two-dose primary vaccination course reduces the proportion of 6–12 month old cattle with low titres by 20–30%. Biannual mass vaccination of cattle leaves significant immunity gaps and over-reliance on vaccine protection should be avoided. Using more effective vaccines and vaccination strategies will increase population immunity, however, the extent to which FMD can be controlled by vaccination alone without effective biosecurity remains uncertain.

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“…LPBE has been validated for bovine samples, as being as reliable and precise as the VNT (Robiolo et al 1995;Maradei et al 2008;Robiolo et al 2010b) and is routinely used to assess herd immunity (Leon et al 2014). A single-dilution LPBE-Mab has also been validated for the four vaccine strains included in the Argentinean commercial vaccine (Robiolo et al 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives for the serological assessment of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine immunity in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Sala

Trotta

Mansilla

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Buffaloes are compulsory vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in many countries as part of the official control programmes. Serological testing aimed to indirectly assess herd immunity is currently performed using the same Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) applied for bovine sera, assuming an agreement between the ELISA's diagnostic results and those obtained using the virus neutralization test (VNT). Here we evaluated the accuracy of different ELISA tests to assess vaccine-induced antibodies against FMDV in buffalo's sera classified according to their VNT titres. Currently used liquid-phase blocking ELISA yielded very low specificity, producing high titres for many samples with low VNT titres. To increase specificity, we developed an indirect ELISA using purified 140S viral particles and an avidity single-dilution ELISA, which includes a urea washing step after the incubation of the diluted serum sample, to detach weak binders. Combining these two highthroughput single-dilution tests, an excellent concordance with VNT was achieved. This is the first study analysing the diagnostic agreement of traditional and novel serological tests with VNT for the indirect assessment of antibodies against FMDV capsid proteins in buffalo serum samples. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Effectiveness of systematic foot and mouth disease mass vaccination campaigns in Argentina

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Methodology for the assessment of brucellosis management practices and its vaccination campaign: example in two Argentine districts

Methodology for the assessment of brucellosis management practices and its vaccination campaign: example in two Argentine districts

Mass vaccination, immunity and coverage: modelling population protection against foot-and-mouth disease in Turkish cattle

Alternatives for the serological assessment of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine immunity in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

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