Effect on enamel shear bond strength of adding microsilver and nanosilver particles to the primer of an orthodontic adhesive

Abstract

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of microsilver or nanosilver particles to an orthodontic primer affects shear bond strength (SBS) and bracket/adhesive failure.MethodsBovine incisors were randomly divided into six groups with 16 specimens in each: In group 1 (control), brackets were bonded with Transbond™ XT primer. In the experimental groups, microsilver (groups 2 and 3) and nanosilver (groups 4–6) particles of different sizes were added to Transbond XT primer and light cured for 15 seconds [group 2: 0.1% (w/w) microsilver particle size 3.5–18 μm; group 3: 0.3% (w/w) microsilver particle size 3.5–18 μm; group 4: 0.11% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm; group 5: 0.18% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm; group 6: 0.33% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm]. Thereafter, brackets were bonded by light curing the adhesive for 20 seconds. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37°C, SBS was measured with a Zwicki 1120 testing machine. The adhesive remnant index and the prevalence of silver spots on the specimen surface were determined under 10× magnification. Statistical two-way analysis of variance was performed to compare SBS, and a chi-square test was used to compare ARI scores and the prevalence of silver spots.ResultsNo significant differences in SBS (control: 16.59 ± 6.82 MPa; group 2: 20.6 ± 4.19 MPa; group 3: 16.98 ± 4.84 MPa; group 4: 17.15 ± 5.92 MPa; group 5: 20.09 ± 3.35 MPa; group 6: 16.44 ± 4.51 MPa; p > 0.665) and ARI scores (p = 0.901) were found between the control group and any experimental group. Only experimental groups with nanosilver particles revealed statistically more silver spots on the remaining adhesive.ConclusionsAddition of small concentrations of microsilver or nanosilver particles affects neither SBS nor ARI scores. Addition of nanosilver particles results in silver spots in the remaining primer visible under 10× magnification. Further studies are needed to investigate the anti-caries potential and clinical performance of conventional orthodontic primer with incorporated nanosilver or microsilver particles.

Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using adhesive systems mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles

“…A study on the addition of copper nanoparticles to orthodontic luting agents reported an increase in bond strength after nanoparticle addition. 23 Blöcher et al 32 evaluated the effect of addition of nano and microparticles of silver to orthodontic adhesive, and reported no significant change in SBS. Akhavan et al 33 evaluated the effect of addition of silver nanoparticles/hydroxyapatite to Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive on SBS to enamel and found that addition of 1% to 5% silver nanoparticles/hydroxyapatite increased the SBS of adhesive, while addition of 10% silver nanoparticles/hydroxyapatite had no favorable effect on bond strength, compared to the control group.…”

Polymerisation, antibacterial and bioactivity properties of experimental orthodontic adhesives containing triclosan-loaded halloysite nanotubes

“…However, it seems that although their early effectiveness, the release of such active principles tends to reduce overtime. Moreover, some of these agents may induce tooth discoloration; for instance, the release of silver ions or chlorhexidine may often cause anaesthetics appearance when incorporated into orthodontic adhesives [9].…”

Antimicrobial properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) acrylic resins incorporated with silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cariogenic bacteria

“…Application of fluoride-releasing composites containing nanofillers, antimicrobial orthodontic band cement with silver nanoparticles, and nanosilver-containing orthodontic adhesive primers has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the bacterial growth around fixed appliances. [ 7 8 ] For removable appliances, addition of nanoparticles to PMMA can impart antimicrobial activity to acrylic plates. Among the available nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) serves as a good example, because its antibacterial properties have been demonstrated in various biomaterials.…”