Antimicrobial properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) acrylic resins incorporated with silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cariogenic bacteria

Abstract

Aim:To assess the effects of adding nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) and their mixture to poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to induce antimicrobial activity in acrylic resins.Materials and Methods:Acrylic specimens in size of 20 mm × 20 mm × 1 mm of 0.5% and 1% of nano-TiO2 (21 nm) and nano-SiO2 (20 nm) and their mixture (TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticles) (1:1 w/w) were prepared from the mixture of acrylic liquid containing nanoparticles and acrylic powder. To obtain 0.5% and 1% concentration, 0.02 g and 0.04 g of the nanoparticles was added to each milliliter of the acrylic monomer, respectively. Antimicrobial properties of six specimens of these preparations, as prepared, were assessed against planktonic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min follow-up by broth dilution assay. The specimens of each group were divided into three subgroups: Dark, daylight, or ultraviolet A (UVA). The percent of bacterial reduction is found out from the counts taken at each time point.Statistical Analysis:Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc analysis.Results:Exposure to PMMA containing the nanoparticles reduced the bacterial count by 3.2–99%, depending on the nanoparticles, bacterial types, and light conditions. Planktonic cultures of S. mutans and L. acidophilus exposed to PMMA containing 1% of TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticles showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) (98% and 99%, respectively) in a time-dependent manner under UVA. The S. mutans and L. acidophilus counts did not significantly decrease in PMMA containing 0.5% nano-TiO2 and PMMA containing 0.5% nano-SiO2 in the dark. No statistically significant reduction (P > 0.05) was observed in the counts of S. mutans and L. acidophilus in PMMA without the nanoparticles exposed to UVA.Conclusions:PMMA resins incorporated with TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial activity against the cariogenic bacteria.

Antimicrobial Activity of Thermocycled Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

“…It was in line with Totu et al's study [ 32 ], which found that incorporating even small amounts of 0.4% TiO 2 nanoparticles to a 3D-printed PMMA denture prevented the colonization of microorganisms and further biofilm formation. Another study showed that adding TiO 2 and SiO 2 nanoparticles (0.5% and 1%) to PMMA imparted antimicrobial activity to the resins, being even more efficient under UVA exposure [ 33 ].…”

Behavior of PMMA Denture Base Materials Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Literature Review

“…Its photocatalytic ability promoted it to be known as an antimicrobial agent encouraging its addition to biomaterials [11, 12, 20, 23, 25]. TiO 2 NP have been found effective against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses [11, 23, 25].…”

Oxo-Titanium(IV) Complex/Polymer Composites—Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Test

“…An important direction of the research related to the use of PMMA-based materials is their modification aimed to improving their antimicrobial activity. This effect can be achieved by the addition of inorganic agents such as silver nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, a mixture of titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles, and anion powder (Na 2 SiO 3 ) [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. In this paper, the results of the modification of the PMMA films by the introduction of TOC micro-grains are discussed.…”