Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 2: testing conditions and metrics

Coniglio, N.; Cross, C. E.

doi:10.1007/s00170-020-05232-x

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Here, phase transformations can proceed on the steel and titanium interface, leading to intermetallic phase (IMPh) formation [5]. Due to their high values of hardness and brittleness, such IMPh formation leads to hot cracking, which promotes intensive destruction of bimetal plate welded joints [1,6]. Even overheating above 500 °C, owing to structural transformations, can have a negative impact on the mechanical properties of steel-titanium plate joints; in particular, it can lower the fatigue life [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Korzhyk

Zhang

Khaskin

et al. 2023

Metals

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The object of this study is the formation of intermetallic phases (IMPhs) in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of joints of steel–titanium bimetal plates produced by arc welding. A titanium layer (2 mm) was welded by the plasma method (PAW), a barrier layer of Cusi3Mn1 bronze was deposited on it by the TIG method, the first steel layer was deposited by CMT, and Puls-MAG was used for filling the groove. Here, heating in the solid phase takes place in the HAZ, which may lead to undesirable formation of brittle IMPhs and further welded joint failure. Mathematical modeling was performed and metallurgical features formed during the processes of heating of the HAZ in bimetal steel–titanium plates were studied to identify the risk of IMPh formation. It was found that at a temperature increase from 900 to 1450 °C, a continuous intermetallic layer formed on the steel–titanium interface, which contained FeTi IMPh, and the width of which increased from 1 to 10 μm. In the temperature range 1300…1430 °C, an intermetallic TiFe2-type phase additionally formed from the titanium side. In the temperature range 1430…1450 °C, the TiFe2 phase was replaced by the TiXFe phase, which formed both from the steel side and from the titanium side. This phase consists of intermetallics (73–75% Ti + 27–25% Fe) and (80–85% Ti + 20–15% Fe), and it is close to the Ti2Fe-type phase. The interlayer of intermetallics, formed at temperatures of 900…1300 °C, has a continuous morphology (HV0.01–650…690). At temperatures rising above 1300 °C, the IMPh interlayer became more ramified (HV0.01–590…610) because of the formation of a larger number of pores and microcracks within it. In the temperature range 900…1450 °C, solid-phase diffusion proceeded in the steel–titanium bimetal near the interface of the two metals. A zone of iron diffusion, 5–10 μm to 40–60 μm in width, formed in titanium. In steel, a zone of titanium diffusion 15–20 μm to 120–150 μm in width formed, starting from 1300 °C and higher. It is recommended to perform industrial welding of steel–titanium bimetal in modes, for which the heat input is equal to 200…400 J/mm. Here, during the period 10–12 s, the heating temperature of the HAZ 1.5–3.5 mm in width is equal to 900–1150 °C. It promotes formation of an intermetallic FeTi-type interlayer of up to 1–2 μm width.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Korzhyk

Zhang

Khaskin

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…Also, Chun et al [12] reported the BTR variation based on the segregation concentration behaviour of low-melting point elements (P and S) using a metallurgical analysis model. Recently, Coniglio et al [13] reported the effect of welding speed on BTR change. From a thermomechanical point of view, the occurrence of solidification cracking can be elucidated by the intersection of the high-temperature ductility curve and thermal strain curve [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of welding condition on solidification cracking behaviour in austenitic stainless steel

Lee

Yamashita

Ogura

et al. 2020

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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The effect of welding condition on solidification cracking behaviour was investigated during the U-type hot cracking test. In order to investigate the behaviour of solidification cracking, a hightemperature ductility curve and a thermal strain curve were calculated. The high-temperature ductility curve was obtained based on a combination of the solidification initiation and completion temperatures, in addition to the critical strain, while the thermal strain curve was calculated using a finite-element model (FEM). The solidification brittleness temperature ranges (BTR) were almost constant. However, increasing the heat input suppressed cracking by reducing the slope of thermal strain due to yield strength reduction in heat-affected zone resulting in relieving a stress on weld bead, and eventually, solidification cracking was suppressed.

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Analytical and experimental investigation on the distribution of solidification crack initiation sites throughout a laser spot weld

Sheikhi

Beiranvand

Ghaini

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 2: testing conditions and metrics

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Features of Intermetallic Formation in the Solid Phase on a Steel–Titanium Bimetal Interface under the Conditions of Arc Welding

Effect of welding condition on solidification cracking behaviour in austenitic stainless steel

Analytical and experimental investigation on the distribution of solidification crack initiation sites throughout a laser spot weld

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