The aim of this study was to develop a temperature measurement technique during welding using a developed multi-sensor camera based on a two-color thermometry method. This technique has specific features, such as in-situ temperature measurement, high response speed, two-dimensional (2D) noncontact measurement, and flexibility. Accurate in-situ temperature 2D distribution and its history can be acquired based on the selection of a suitable combination of band-pass filters for laser welding and the welded material. In addition, a clear visible image can be captured with the 2D temperature distribution using the developed multi-sensor camera even when a high welding speed is employed.
The aim of this study is to develop the novel temperature measurement method during welding by using two high-speed cameras and the two-color thermometry method. This new method has some features, i.e. in-situ observation, high response speed, 2D measurement, wide temperature range and noncontact measurement. By using this method, the accurate in-situ temperature 2D distribution and history could be obtained during laser welding based on the selection of suitable band-pass filters for laser welding.
Incorporation of polypeptides with hydrophobic side groups into lipid bilayers was achieved by the polymerization of N-carboxy anhydrides of γ-dodecyl l-glutamate and of γ-benzyl d-glutamate in DMPC liposomal membrane under reduced pressure and normal pressure. The effects of polypeptide conformations on the barrier properties of liposomal membrane incorporating polypeptide were examined. There was little difference in the trapping volume when liposomes prepared under reduced pressure and normal pressure were compared. The incorporation of polypeptides into the membrane bilayer had a tendency to decrease the volume trapping efficiencies. It was found that in the membrane-free aqueous phase, polymerization of N-carboxy amino acid anhydrides promoted formation of β-structure and in the membrane bilayer formation of α-helix structure was enhanced. The content of α-helical polypeptide was maximum for liposomes prepared under reduced pressure. The activation energies for water permeation across the liposomal membrane were lowered by the incorporation of polypeptdes into the membrane bilayer. The incorporation of α-helical polypeptide was more ceffective than that of β-structured one for the lowering of activation energies. The permeability barrier properties of liposomal membrane were larger for liposome incorporating poly(γ-dodecyl l-glutamate) (PDOLG) than for liposome incorporating poly(γ-benzyl d-glutamate)(PBDG). This seems to be due to a difference in miscibilities with lipid in the membrane bilayer.
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