Effect of Thermocycling on the Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements Used for Luting CAD/CAM Ceramics to Human Dentin

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of self-adhesive, self-etching resin cements luted to human dentin and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics. Three modern self-adhesive dental cements (Maxcem Elite, RelyX U200, Panavia SA) were used to lute three CAD/CAM ceramics (IPS Empress CAD, IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max ZirCAD) onto the dentin. One conventional cement (Panavia V5) served as a control. After preparation, the samples were subjected to thermocycling as a method of artificial aging of dental materials applied to simulate long-term use in oral conditions. Shear bond strength was evaluated according to PN-EN ISO 29022:2013-10 and failure modes were observed under a light microscope. Statistical analysis was performed. The study demonstrated that a combination of ceramics and cements directly impacts the bond strength. The highest bond strength was observed in Panavia V5, lower in Panavia SA and Maxcem Elite and the lowest–in RelyX U200. Adhesive failure between human dentin and cements was the most common failure mode. Moreover, thermocycling highly decreased bond strength of self-adhesive, self-etching cements.

Effect of Thermocycling on Color, Surface Characteristics, Compressive Fracture, and Fracture Modes of Prosthetic CAD/CAM Ceramics After Smokeless Tobacco Immersion

“…The water aging technique features identical thermal variations, with bath temperatures reaching from −5 to 55°C for several cycles. This method can affect the durability of CAD/CAM prosthesis and can simulate the performance of ceramic restoration in the oral cavity and environment [ 23 , 25 , 42 ]. The Ra and Rz for the tested materials were higher after immersion and TC.…”

“…In this study, all tested materials showed increases after TC, with the highest Ra and Rz of 0.37 and 0.42 μm, respectively. The Ra or Rz of samples without TC were unaffected [ 20 , 23 , 25 , 27 ].…”

Retentive Strength of CAD/CAM-Fabricated All-Ceramic Crowns Luted on Titanium Implant Abutments Using Different Ceramic Materials and Luting Agents: An In Vitro Study

“…This does not absolutely correspond with the clinical situation, in which the cement is in contact with saliva rather than water. However, in this study long-term water storage was not conducted because Ernst et al [ 20 ] showed that it had no further significant effect on retentive strength, whereas thermocycling was carried out to simulate the thermal stress as a relevant factor for reducing bond strength [ 23 , 33 , 34 ]. In this study it was of value that representative and commonly used ceramic materials and luting agents were used.…”

“…In this regard the location of the residue of the luting agent allows the quality of the bonding to be judged and helps to understand the behavior of releasing the bond during the withdrawal process. Historically dental ceramics were first bonded on natural teeth and based on this there have already been numerous publications and findings on the bonding interface between ceramic material, luting agent, and the surface of natural teeth [ 34 ]. Compared to the experimental setup of these studies further studies were conducted where there was a titanium surface instead of human dentin.…”

Effects of Blood Contamination and Decontamination Protocol on Reverse Torque Value of Abutment Screws in Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study

“…The implant and abutments were subjected to thermocycling in a thermocycling unit (Model 1100, SD Mechatronik, Bayern, Germany) from 5 °C to 55 °C for up to 5000 thermal cycles (dwell time of 30 s), which simulated a period of 6 months of clinical service [ 25 ]. The implants were then remounted on the holder of the digital torque meter and the same operator recorded the RTVs for each mounted implant-screw pair.…”